Equilibrium Relations

Question 1

these properties are independent of mass

Answer 1

intensive properties

Question 2

these properties are dependent of mass or amount

Answer 2

extensive properties

Question 3

their relationship is described by raoult’s law

Answer 3

partial pressure and vapor pressure

Question 4

this law is used for ideal solution

Answer 4

raoult’s law

Question 5

x represents what phase?

Answer 5

liquid phase

Question 6

y represents what phase

Answer 6

vapor phase

Question 7

more volatile means ___________ boiling point

Answer 7

lower

Question 8

less volatile means _________ boiling point

Answer 8

higher

Question 9

this law is used for non-ideal and dilute solution

Answer 9

henry’s law

Question 10

__________ components have different volatility

Answer 10

large

Question 11

the state at which a pure component or mixture exists in both the liquid and the vapor phase

Answer 11

vapor-liquid equilibrium (vle)

Question 12

describes how many independent intensive properties can be chosen or set

Answer 12

phase rule

Question 13

5 examples of intensive properties

Answer 13

1. pressure
2. temperature
3. concentration
4. viscosity
5. density

Question 14

5 examples of extensive properties

Answer 14

1. mass
2. volume
3. internal energy
4. enthalpy
5. entropy

Question 15

this states that the vapor pressure of a solvent above a solution is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent at the same temperature and the mole fraction of the solvent present

Answer 15

raoult’s law

Question 16

an ideal solution is one where:

Answer 16

1. the intermolecular forces between components are nearly the same
2. no volume change or at change on mixing
3. the solution obeys raoult’s law over the entire range of compositions

Question 17

this states that the amount of gas that is dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liqui when the temperature is kept constant

Answer 17

henry’s law

Question 18

line where the temperature or pressure at which the first drop of water vapor condenses into a liquid

Answer 18

saturated vapor line (dew-point line)

Question 19

line where the temperature or pressure at which the liquid changes into the vapor phase

Answer 19

saturated liquid line (bubble point line)

Question 20

two different phases are brought into intimae contact with each other and then are separated

Answer 20

single-stage equilibrium

Question 21

it is a measure of the distribution of a chemical species between liquid and vapor phases

Answer 21

K value

Question 22

it is known as the equilibrium ratio

Answer 22

K value

Question 23

it characterizes the “lightness” of a constituent species in favor of the other

Answer 23

K value

Question 24

what is the K for light species

Answer 24

K > 1

Question 25

what is the K for heavy species

Answer 25

K < 1

Question 26

it describes the numerical measure of the separation of the vapor composition and liquid composition

Answer 26

relative volatility

Question 27

if the components are very different in ______________, then the separation is easy

Answer 27

volatility

Question 28

line orientation if no vaporization

Answer 28

vertical line

Question 29

line orientation if there's vaporization

Answer 29

horizontal line

Question 30

The process of partial vaporization at reduced pressure is known as

Answer 30

flashing

Question 31

this law is used for ideal solutions

Answer 31

Raoult's Law

Question 32

5 examples of intensive properties

Answer 32

1. Surface 2. Temperature 3. Melting point 4. Pressure 5. Density

Question 33

5 examples of extensive properties

Answer 33

1. Gibbs energy 2. Internal energy 3. Mass 4. Enthalpy 5. Entropy

Question 34

it is the pressure that the gas would exert if it alone occupied the entire volume at the same temperature.

Answer 34

partial pressure

Question 35

it is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid (or solid) phase at a given temperature

Answer 35

vapor pressure

Question 36

it is the pressure a liquid (or solid) exerts when it tries to become a gas at a certain temperature

Answer 36

vapor pressure

Question 37

it is the pressure that one gas in a mixture would have if it were alone in the container.

Answer 37

partial pressure

Question 38

an ideal solution is one where the ______________________ between A–A, B–B, and A–B are nearly the same

Answer 38

intermolecular forces

Question 39

An ideal solution is one where there is no ___________ or _________________ on mixing (ΔVmix = 0, ΔHmix = 0)

Answer 39

volume change; heat change

Question 40

an ideal solution is one where the solution obeys _________________ over the entire range of compositions.

Answer 40

Raoult's Law

Question 41

5 examples of ideal solutions

Answer 41

1. Benzene and Toluene 2. Hexane and Heptane 3. Ethyl Bromide and Ethyl Iodide 4. Chlorobenzene and Bromobenzene 5. n-Butanol and n-Pentanol (at high T)