ETHICS ANIMALS

Question 1

What is Bateson’s cube?

Answer 1

• A model of cost-benifit analysis developed for animal research.

Question 2

Bateson’s cute the 3 axes (measures)

Answer 2

1. Suffering
2. Certainty of benifit
3. Quality of research

Question 3

How much ethical guidelines are there for animal research?

Answer 3

1. Replacement
2. Species
3. Number of animals
4. Pain, distress and suffering
5. Housing
6. Reward, deprivison and aversive stimuli

Question 4

Replacement: Ethical guideline

Answer 4

• Researchers should consider replacing animals with other options.
• Animals should only be used as a last resort.

Videos from previous studies, computer simulations

Question 5

Species: Ethical guideline

Answer 5

• Chosen species should be the LEAST likely to suffer pain or distress.

Question 6

Species: Ethical guideline.
What should be considered?

Answer 6

• Bred in captivity
• Previous experinces of experimentation
• Sentience of species.

Question 7

Number of animals

Answer 7

• Researchers should only use a minumum number of animals to accomplish the research aims and goals.

Question 8

How can researchers keep the number of animals to a minimum?

Answer 8

• Can be calculated via pilot studies
• Good experimental design

Question 9

What is the difference between replacement and number of animals?

Answer 9

• Replacement= Considers replacing animals
• Number of animals= Considers using minimal number of animals.

Question 10

Deprivison meaning

Answer 10

• To deprive the animal of neccessities.

example= Not giving the animal food

Question 11

Aversive stimuli meaning

Answer 11

• Exposing the animal to unpleasantness (pain/ fear)

Elicits aversion and/or withdrawal responses

Question 12

Reward, deprivison and aversive stimuli

Answer 12

• Deprivation and aversive stimuli should be avoided, rewards should be instead.
• It should only be used if there is no alternative way of motivating the animal consistent with the studies aims.
• Even then- the deprivison should be NO GREATER THAN needed.

Question 13

Pain, suffering, distress

Answer 13

• Research causing physical or psychological pain, suffering, distress should be avoided
• Instead, The experimental design should IMPROVE the animals experience.
• Naturally occuring instances may be used (stress arising from natural
• Any costs to the animals should be justified by the scientific benefit of the work outweighing the negatives.

(studying the effects of early enrichment vs deprivation on development)

Question 14

Housing

Answer 14

• Isolation & crowding should be avoided.
• Caging should recreate aspects of the natural environment that are important to the welfare of the animal
• It must take into account the social behaviour of the species.

Question 15

Procedure

Answer 15

• Animal experiences in the study should be positive or normal as far as possible within the constrains of the research

Procedures that may cause discomfort, injury, stress, etc., need a Project Licence, which can be gained after a cost-benefit analysis.