SELF REPORT

Question 1

Define self report measures

Answer 1

• A data collection method
• In which ppts provide information about their thoughts, feelings, behaviours.

Question 2

Types of self report measures

Answer 2

• Interviews
• Questionnaries
• Diary entries
• Therapy sessions (transcripts)

Question 3

Define questionnaires

Answer 3

• A self report measure that uses written questions through a paper pencil or online technqiue.
• Data comes directly from the ppt

Question 4

Strengths of a questionnare

Answer 4

1. Reliable: Often use standardised questions, which are easy to replicate.
2. Generalisable: Many can be adminsitered to a large sample of people at once, so the results are typically generalisable.
3. Data can be analysed and compared using statistical technqiues.

Question 5

Weaknesses of questionnaires

Answer 5

1. Low validity: The options provided may not be reflective of the ppts feelings/ attitudes. Leading questions or misunderstanding of the questions can lead to distortions.
2. Socially desirability bias. May arise (ppts may provide inauthentic, inaccurate responses)
3. Generalisability/ low responses: Data collected relies on responses to be returned. Reponses rates may be poor, or only a certain** type of person** may return them, lowering generalisability.

Question 6

2 types of question formats used in self reports

Answer 6

1. open questions
2. closed questions

Question 7

Open questions

Answer 7

• Pptts can give attitudes, opinions, recall experiences in their own words.
• No pre made response categories/ free to elaborate and provide detail
• Produces qualitative and subjective data

“Describe/ explain how/ why”

Question 8

Closed questions

Answer 8

• Pptts respond via pre-made response categories such as “yes or no” limiting pppt responses.
• They ususally produce quantitative or objective data.

Question 9

There are several types of closed questions researchers use to collect data/ quantify a respondents attitudes. What are they?

Answer 9

1. Likert scale
2. Rank orders
3. Checklists
4. Semantic differential scales

Question 10

Likert scales

Answer 10

• A type of rating scale.
• That usually assigns numerical values to each response option.
• 1= Strongly disagree 10= Strongly agree

Question 11

Rank orders

Answer 11

• Ordering a set based on a common measure or attribute.

“Rank each item in order of importance: with number 1 as the ‘most important’ item and number10 as the ‘least important’ item.

Question 12

Semantic differential scales

Answer 12

• 2 extremes are given
• and responses usually fall between these values.

Democratic party : Good + + + bad

Question 13

Checklists

Answer 13

• Ticking items applicable to you

Question 14

What are filler questions?

Answer 14

• Questions that are irrelvant to a studies aims put amongst the relevant questions.
• To disguise teh aim of a study and reduce demand charactersistics/ social desirability bias

Question 15

Social desirability bias

Answer 15

• When ppts provide socially acceptable awnsers,
• Unreflective of their true attiudes or feelings
• in order to present themselves favourablly.

Question 16

Psychometric tests

Answer 16

• A standardised scientfic method used to measure/quantify cognitive capabilities, psychological characteristics and behavioural style.
• They give ppts a sigle numerical score based on that characteristic.

Question 17

What do psychometric tests measure?

Answer 17

• Cognitive capabilies
• Psychological characteristics
• Behavioural style

Question 18

Types of questionnares

Answer 18

1. Psychometric tests
2. Surveys

Question 19

Surveys

Answer 19

• Large scale questionnaires (similar aims to questionnares)

Lots of methdological problems (sample biases, problem questions, response bias

Question 20

Response bias

Answer 20

• The tendency to provide inaccuarate/ false responses to questions

Question 21

There are several types of problem questions that can distort responses:

Answer 21

1. Double barreled questions
2. Leading questions

Question 22

Double barraled questions

Answer 22

• Questions that ask about 2 questions but only allow 1 response

Question 23

leading questions

Answer 23

Questions that guide respondents to the desired awnser

Question 24

Strengths and weaknesses of open questions

Answer 24

Strengths= Highly valid as it encourages more depth, detail, flexibility and nuance.

Weakness= Validity may be comprimised by subjective interpretations or misinterpretations of responses.

Question 25

Strengths and weaknesses of closed questions

Answer 25

Strengths= Reliable as responses are structured and standardised. Aids with data collection. Weaknessses= Limited validity/ scope= Ppts restricted to predefined categories that may not reflect their perspective/ overlook nuance.