Ethnicity + DA: External

Question 1

How does material deprivation among ethnic minorities lead to ethnic differences in achievement? (examples)

Answer 1

• Lack correct resources to succeed
• 🇵🇰 + 🇧🇩s are 3x more likely to be in the poorest ⅕th of the population than white people
• Unemployment = 3x higher for Afro-Caribbeans than white people

Question 2

What are the evaluations of cultural deprivation?

Answer 2

The government pays bursaries and provides pupil premium (extra funding to school for disadvantaged students)

Question 3

What do Moynihan and Sewell say that suggests *family structure leads to ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 3

• Moynihan: kids in black families are “deprived of adequate care” (single mothers)
• Sewell: black families have more single mothers which causes black boys to lack “tough love”. Instead they receive “perverse love” in “black gangs”

Question 4

What are the evaluations of family structure?

Answer 4

• Pilkington: the arguments are based on ethnocentric biases
• Gillborn: it’s institutional racsim that fails the boys

Question 5

How do Driver + Ballad and Lupton’s findings suggest that attitudes and values lead to ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 5

• Beliefs/ideas have an impact
• Driver + Ballad: Asian work ethic is emphasised at home, they respect teachers like their parents
• Lupton: black students are socialised into fatalism - “live for today”

Question 6

What are the evaluations of attitudes and values?

Answer 6

• Sugarman: fatalism is linked to class not race

Question 7

How do Berieter + Englemann suggest that intellectual and linguistic abilities lead to ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 7

• Students are held back if English isn’t their first language
• Berieter + Englemann: Language used by black students is inadequate for school
• Policy Studies Institute: ⅕th of 🇵🇰 women not fluent in English

Question 8

What are the evaluations of intellectual and linguistic abilities?

Answer 8

• Gilborn + Mirza: high attainment of Indian students suggests that not having as a first language isn’t too much of a barrier

Question 9

What does Mason say and Wood et al find that suggests racism in wider society has led to ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 9

• Discrimination increasing the likeliness of poverty, impacts prospects
• Mason: “Discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature” of an ethnic minority’s “experience”
• Wood et al.: sent 3 (2 EM names) near identical job applications to 1000 jobs. 1/16 EM offered an interview vs 1/9 white

Question 10

What is the evaluation of racism in wider society?

Answer 10

• 2010 Equality Act: race is a protected characteristic