Ethnicity + DA: Internal

Question 1

According to Gilborn, how does the assessment game lead to ethnic differences in achievement

Answer 1

• Reflects white superiority
• Gilborn: as ethnic minorities begin to achieve similar grades to white students, the assessment changes (E.g. baseline tests -> Early Years Foundation Stage Profile
• Sanders + Horn: black children do worse in work marked by teachers

Question 2

What is new IQ ism?

Answer 2

• Teachers choose who enters top sets/talent programmes and make inaccurate assumptions about potential
• Potential can’t be measured, trying to has closed off opportunities

Question 3

What are the evaluations of the Assessment Game and New IQism?

Answer 3

• Cultural deprivation + lang skills are more impactful
• Feminism: Gender is more of a barrier with exams

Question 4

How has the ethnocentric curriculum led to ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 4

• The focus on white British culture in school prevents ethnic minorities from feeling included
• e.g. English literature/history curriculum
• Can lead to lower self-esteem

Question 5

What is the evaluation of the ethnocentric curriculum?

Answer 5

• Stone: there’s no evidence that it affects self esteem

Question 6

What are racialised expectations?

Answer 6

Labels placed on ethnicities that lower their educational achievement

Question 7

How do Mac an Ghaill’s findings and Sewell’s Subcultures suggest that racialised expectations have led to ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 7

• Mac an Ghaill: teachers hold r.e. -> inequality of opportunity
• Sewell: Black boys were categorised into 2 main responses to their labels.
• Rebels: didn’t like goals or rules of school
• Confirmists: liked goals and rules of school

Question 8

What is the evaluation of racialised expectations?

Answer 8

• Sewell himself argued that the external factor of family structure is more important
• Fuller’s study

Question 9

What did Hatcher find that suggests institutional racism has led to ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 9

• Discrimination is built into the workings of the school
• Hatcher found that bullying due to race wasn’t prioritised by schools

Question 10

What is the evaluation of institutional racism?

Answer 10

• Postmodernism: CAGE is no longer a barrier (e.g. Black History Month)

Question 11

What do Gillborn + Youdell say that suggests marketisation and selection has led to ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 11

• Schools accepting high achievers (Indian + Chinese) and ignoring low achievers (Black + South Asians)
• links to Bartlett’s cream skimming

Question 12

What are the evaluations of marketisation and selection?

Answer 12

• Functionalists: meritocracy ignores ethnicity
• External factors: It is the fatalistic attitudes and values that cause this