Exam 1

Question 1

T/F a major function of photosynthesis 2 is to reduce P700, replenishing electrons lost in photosystem 1

Answer 1

True

Question 2

ATP is synthesized from ADP and phosphate in:

Answer 2

Chloroplast using light energy as the energy source

Question 3

Alcohol fermentation is considered an ___ process

Answer 3

Anaerobic process

Question 4

During cellular respiration, one molecule of glucose and 6 molecules of ___ are converted to ___ molecules of ___ plus 6 molecules of water and energy

Answer 4

Oxygen (6), carbon dioxide

Question 5

Photosynthesis occurs in the ____ and the final products are ___ and ___

Answer 5

Chloroplast, carbohydrates, and oxygen

Question 6

Photosystem 1 and photosystem 2 must be connected for the formation of

Answer 6

NADPH

Question 7

T/F Roots are usually heterotrophic

Answer 7

True

Question 8

The Calvin cycle takes place in the

Answer 8

Chloroplast stroma

Question 9

The O2 produced during photosynthesis comes from

Answer 9

Water

Question 10

To promote plant growth, lights called glow lights should produce light enriched in what wavelengths?

Answer 10

Red and blue

Question 11

What is a process does that refer to the process of converting CO2 to carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Krebs cycle

Question 12

What is an example of a difference between aerobic respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer 12

Function of the electron transport chain

Question 13

What is not an photoautotroph?

Answer 13

Agaricus, the common field mushroom

Question 14

What pigment is essential for oxygen-generating photosynthesis in green plants?

Answer 14

Chlorophyll A

Question 15

T/F The thylakoid membrane is the site of the synthesis reactions (ex. Calvin cycle)

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosynthesis 2 are derived from

Answer 16

H2O

Question 17

What directly provides the energy for ATP synthase to produce ATP

Answer 17

The proton concentration gradient

Question 18

What is an example of a model system in plant biology

Answer 18

Arabidopsis thaliana

Question 19

What is a graph of the relative rates of reaction of a process as influenced by different wavelengths of light?

Answer 19

Action spectrum

Question 20

There is temporal separation between CO2 fixation and reduction in plants with _____ photosynthesis

Answer 20

CAM

Question 21

A uniform mesophyll (and lack of palisade mesophyll) is associated with ____ photosynthesis

Answer 21

C4

Question 22

Succulent leaves are associated with ____ photosynthesis

Answer 22

CAM

Question 23

Stomata are open at night in plants with ____ photosynthesis

Answer 23

CAM

Question 24

The Calvin - Benson cycle takes place in green tissues of what type of plants

Answer 24

It’s in all green plants, regardless of whether they also use carbon-concentration mechanisms like C4 or CAM

Question 25

Stomata are open during the day in plants with ____ photosynthesis

Answer 25

C3 and C4

Question 26

In CAM plants, malate formed as the end product of CO2 fixation in the dark is stored as malic acid in the:

Answer 26

Vacuole

Question 27

PEP carboxylase is:

Answer 27

An enzyme with a high affinity for carbon dioxide

Question 28

In what environment would C3 plants be at an advantage compared to C4 and CAM plants

Answer 28

Cool and moist

Question 29

T/F rapidly growing plants commonly exhibit Crassulacean acid metabolism

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Rubisco can use ____ or CO2 as a substrate

Answer 30

O2

Question 31

The main advantage of Kranz anatomy is that:

Answer 31

RuBP carboxylase is found only in bundle sheath chloroplasts

Question 32

Up to 30% of all ATP and NADPH produced by a chloroplast can be lost through ___, a wasteful process that occurs when RuBP bunds with oxygen

Answer 32

Photorespiration

Question 33

T/F water use efficiency is defined as the amount of water for lost each molecule of carbon dioxide fixed

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What is the most likely explanation for the poor ability of RuBisCO to discriminate between CO2 and O2

Answer 34

When organism evolved RuBisCO, there was little O2 in the atmosphere compared to the current conditions

Question 35

Where, specifically, does CO2 enter the plant body?

Answer 35

Stomata

Question 36

What is a set if metabolic reactions in which CO2 is fixed temporarily into organic acids that are transported to bundle sheaths, where they release the CO2 and C3 photosynthesis occurs?

Answer 36

C4 photosynthesis

Question 37

What is most likely to occur in a leaf cell of a CAM plant during the day?

Answer 37

Decarboxlation of malic acid

Question 38

What never limits photosynthetic rates?

Answer 38

Oxygen

Question 39

What organelle is NOT involved in “detox” from photorespiration?

Answer 39

Nucleus

Question 40

What plant organ is adaptation for photosynthesis in our current atmosphere?

Answer 40

Leaves

Question 41

T/F With Cam plants, their C4 and Calvin cycle pathways are separated spatially

Answer 41

False

Question 42

How do starch and cellulose differ and what is the significance?

Answer 42

Starch is an alpha glucose monomer that is a primary storage of polysaccharides in plants. Cellulose is a beta glucose monomers that is a primary component of cell wall

Question 43

What are several roles of vacuole?

Answer 43

Storage of both nutrients and waste while also act to support the cells They also have a role in cell enlargement and the breakdown and recycling of cell components

Question 44

What are several roles of cell wall

Answer 44

Supports through the action of turgor pressure exerted by vacuole. Structure and protection also

Question 45

How do various plastics differ and how are they related to each other?

Answer 45

They differ based off the type of pigments. Chloroplasts; almost all pigment, site of photosynthesis Chromoplasts; rest of pigment Leucoplasts; lack pigment

Question 46

Difference between apoplast and the symplast

Answer 46

apoplastic pathway moves water and solutes through the non-living cell walls, symplastic pathway moves them through the living cytoplasm of cells

Question 47

What’s unique about plant cells compared to animal cells

Answer 47

1. Cell walls 2. Chloroplasts / plastids 3. Vacuoles

Question 48

What is the role of light in photosynthesis

Answer 48

Light provides the energy needed for photosynthesis, initiating a process in the chloroplasts where pigments absorb photons, generating high-energy electrons.

Question 49

Where specifically do the “photo” reactions of photosynthesis take place?

Answer 49

In the thylakoid membrane specifically the thylakoid space (lumen)

Question 50

What are the roles of chlorophyll and the accessory pigments?

Answer 50

Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis. The pigments determine the action and absorption spectra levels of the wavelengths

Question 51

How are the “synthesis” reactions of photosynthesis dependent on the “photo” reactions

Answer 51

they produce the ATP and NADPH needed as energy and reducing power to convert carbon dioxide into sugars.

Question 52

How do C4 and CAM “add-ons” to the photosynthetic pathway relieve some of the problems with RUBISCO?

Answer 52

By concentrating a carbon dioxide enzyme around the RUBISCO. This helos by reducing the problem of photorespiration

Question 53

What are the limiting factors for photosynthesis?

Answer 53

Light intensity, carbon dioxide, and temperatures

Question 54

What is photorespiration and why is RUBISCO so inefficient now?

Answer 54

Photorespriation is how RUBISCO is able to bind to oxygen. It’s inefficient because it produces a lot of waste and is poorly evolved, it’s just fine and just bearly meets the criteria

Question 55

Where does photosynthesis take place

Answer 55

Thylakoid membrane (specifically thylakoid space in the lumen)

Question 56

How does light energy get converted into chemical energy

Answer 56

Through the act of photosynthesis in which the light reactions caused energy to transfer and reactions to occur