Exam 2

Question 1

Steps of Excavation

Answer 1

1. Create a site grid
2. excavate a unit of this grid based on statistical sampling
   a-Collect surface artifacts (surface survey)
   b-Remove ground vegetation
   c-Screen removed soil to recover small artifacts
   d-Record location of all materials
   e-Secure materials in labelled bags with site and excavation unit

Question 2

Ester Boserup

Answer 2

Argued that there is a connection between population growth and cultural innovation, ESP w farming. POPULATION GOES UP, THEN PEOPLE ADAPT WITH INNOVATION! a bit antithetical to Thomas Malthus in this sense.

Question 3

Pastoralism Case Study: The Maasai

Answer 3

-Group that lives in polygynous family units
-Women do most of the work with cattle but men own the cattle
-Protect wildebeest population

Question 4

Where is Horticulture most prevalent?

Answer 4

Tropical areas in South/Central America, Africa, SE Asia

Question 5

Lewis Henry Morgan

Answer 5

flawed “social evolution model” describing that societies become more civil as they progress. Very eurocentric

Question 6

Methods of Studying Past Societies

Answer 6

-Settlement surveys (understanding urban layout)
-Material Culture (analyzing artifacts)
-Bioarchaeology (human remains to assess diet, social structure)