Week 2 - Evolution

Question 1

Al-Jahiz

Answer 1

776-868 CE, wrote about the concept of evolution BEFORE Charles Darwin

Question 2

Book published by Charles Darwin in 1859?

Answer 2

On the Origin of Species (by Means of Natural Selection)

Question 3

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 3

Shared the same ideas as Darwin, but Darwin beat him to the punch.

Question 4

Fitness

Answer 4

Organisms more adapted to their environment will live to reproduce, passing on their genes

Question 5

Four Aspects of Natural Selection

Answer 5

1. There is variation within a population
2. This variation is heritable
3. Individuals differ in fitness
4. These differences in fitness are not random

Question 6

What did Darwin NOT know about inheritance?

Answer 6

Driving Mechanism: how are genes/characters inherited from parent to offspring?

Question 7

Germplasm Theory

Answer 7

There must be a substance in gametes that carry hereditary information that other cells cannot transmit.

Question 8

Gregor Mendel

Answer 8

Father of Genetics… studied pea plants

Question 9

Mendelian Genetics

Answer 9

Each trait is inherited separately from each other

Question 10

“Modern Synthesis” in the Theory of Evolution

Answer 10

The combination of Mendelian genetics with Darwinian evolution to form a unified theory of evolution

Question 11

Evolution

Answer 11

Changes in allele frequencies within populations over time.
This is NOT something linear toward a certain goal.

Question 12

Microevolution

Answer 12

Evolution of populations within a species

Question 13

Macroevolution

Answer 13

Emergence of new species and higher taxa. accumulation of microevolution over time.

Question 14

Four forces of evolution

Answer 14

1. Natural Selection
2. Gene Flow
3. Mutation
4. Genetic Drift

Question 15

Gene flow

Answer 15

INFLUENCED BY MIGRATIONExchange of genes between different populations of the same species. Leads to homogenization (more similarity) between species but also GREATER GENETIC VARIATION witin a population

Question 16

Genetic Drift

Answer 16

Survival of the Luckiest….
An event HAPPENS to alter the gene pool, likely by randomly killing a large % of those in a population that exhibit a certain character.

Question 17

Founder Effect

Answer 17

Loss of genetic variation when a small group from a population breaks off into its own population