Athletic Training > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Active range of motion

A

movement executed w/o assistance

actively contracting muscles

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2
Q

Passive range of motion

A

movement of body part by another person or device w/o effort

-muscles dont contract

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3
Q

Resistive range of motion

A

movement performed against resistance

-muscles active

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4
Q

symptom

A

change in body thar is subjectively described by person

-you cant see it

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5
Q

example of a symptom

A
  • headache
  • numbness
  • pain
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6
Q

sign

A

objective indication of injury determined by examiner

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7
Q

exmaple of a sign

A
  • swelling
  • skin color
  • deformities
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8
Q

first 5 steps to eval

A
  1. rule out life threatening situation
  2. history of injury
    - specific to that injury
  3. history of individual
    - find out what is normal movement
  4. observation
    - eyes only
  5. palpation
    - start away from injured area
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9
Q

6-10 of steps to eval

A
  1. test structural integrity
    - check all pulses
    - ROM
    - check nerves
  2. test functional activity
    - this happens only if we suspect injury is mild
  3. decision and action
  4. re-evaluate
    - continues until back to normal
  5. record results
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10
Q

RICE stands for…

A
  • rest
  • ice
  • compression
  • elevate
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11
Q

benefits of ice

3 of them

A
  • decrease circulation
  • decrease cell metabolism
  • decrease pain and muscle spasms
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12
Q

what is secondary hypoxic injury

A

-decreases cells need for
O2
-dying cells effect celsl around them

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13
Q

benefits of compression

A

limit internal bleeding to stop edema from time of injury

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14
Q

benefits of elevation

A

helps venous return

limits circulation to injured area

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15
Q

timline of sensations during icing

A

0-3 min: cold/pain
2-7 min: burning/aching
5-12 min: numbness
tingling happens thru out whole time

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16
Q

types of ice treatment

4 if them

A
  • cold pack/towel
  • ice massage
  • ice immersion
  • cold whilrpool
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17
Q

what is a hemorrage?

A

escaping blood thru walls of blood vesseels/ruptured vessels

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18
Q

arterial hem

A
  • rapid flow

- bright red blood

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19
Q

venus hem

A
  • rapid/steady

- dark blood

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20
Q

capillary hem

A

oozing or gradual seepage of blood

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21
Q

how do you control a hem?

A
  • direct pressure
  • elevation
  • cut off pressure points
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22
Q

steps taken during emergency

A
  • assess vital signs
  • treat for shock
  • emergency action plan
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23
Q

what is a vital sign?

A

indicated status of cardio respiratory system and CNS

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24
Q

what are the four vital signs?

A
  • pulse: 60-90 bt/min
  • resp rate/quality: 12-20 breaths/min
  • BP: 120/80-110/70
  • temp
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25
what is shock?
heart is unable to exert adequate pressure to circulate enough oxygenated blood to vital organs
26
shock is due to...
- damaged heart - decreased blood volume - blood vessel dilation
27
shock results in
-heart beats faster -pulse is weak b/c blood volume is so low
28
situations that can lead to shock | 5 of them
- extreme temp exposure - extreme fatigue - extreme dehydration - severe injury - illness
29
signs/symptoms of shock | 5 of them
- low BP - systolic < 90 - pulse weak and rapid - resp shallow and rapid - may appear drowsy and sluggish
30
treatment for shock | 6 of them
- control bleeding if present - maintain normal body temp - postion body in comfortable position - raise feet if no head or chest injury - O2 treatment if avail - alleviate pain
31
what is an Emergency Action Plan
written document that is comprehensive yet flexible enough to adapt to any emergency in any setting
32
what should a EAP include | 7 of them
- personnel w/ qualification - equipment needed to carry out any emergency tasks - mode of communication - method of transportation - facility to which patient will be taken - documentation verifying implecation and eval - documentation of review and rehersal
33
types of heat illness
- heat cramps - heat exhaustion - heat stroke
34
prevention of heat illness | 7 of them
- gradual increase intensity of work - gradual increase of clothing worn - weight records - well balance diet - identify suspectible indivi - fluid replacement pre/during/post - temp/humid readings
35
how much water do you lose in one lb
24 oz
36
who is a suspectible individ for heat illness | 6 of them
- age extremes - excessive body wt (in muscle of fat) - pooly acclimatize or conditioned - atheletes who constantly compete at capacity - salt/H2O depletion - athlete with infection, GI disturbance, illness
37
signs and symptoms of heat cramps | 4 of them
- thirst - sweating - fatigue - muscles cramps
38
signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion vs heat stroke
exhau: skin is clammy and gray stroke: skin is dry and red
39
hyponatremia
very low sodium ions in blood
40
signs and symptoms of hyponatremia | 4 of them
-nauseau cramping -bloated stomach -swelling in fingers/toe
41
safe location for lightning
- large enclosed structure with pluming and electricity | - fully enclosed metal vehicle
42
NATA lightning safety | 5 of them
- lightning safety policy - designated weather watcher - monitor local weather - designated safe location - 30:30 rule, when lightning 30 secs away, 30 mins after last strike
43
3 methods of moving athlete
- log roll - lift/slide - straddle lift and slide
44
3 types of splints
- homemade - air-splint: possible to move fx - vacuum splint: immobilize in spot you found
45
effects of heat | 6 of them
- increase extensibility of collogen - decrease joint stiffness - decrease pain - decrease muscle spasm - decrease inflammation - increase blood flow
46
when do you heat
3 days after injury
47
conduction
transfer heat btwn 2 objects in contact
48
convection
medium such as air or H2O move across body | -more rapid
49
conversion
changing another form of energy to heat | ex chem to heat
50
when do you not use heat? | 5 of them
- acute injury - impaired circulation or sensation - imparied thermal reg - directly of eyes of genitals - abdomen during preg
51
inflammatory response
- injury - primary trauma: damage to connective tissue, nerve, and muscle - dmaged to nerve= pain - cellualr debris: release chems to tell body there is injury - extra vascular hemmorrage = swelling - fibrin and platelets close damaged vessels
52
3 forces that cause muscle injury
- compression: comes from one side - shearing: two running perp - tension: two from either side
53
causes of muscle injury | 4 of them
- overtraning - strcut abnorm - lack of flex - poor biomechan
54
strain
stretch or tear of muscle tendon unit
55
3 degrees of strain
- 1st: stretching of some part of unit - 2nd: fibers torn but still intact - 3rd: fibers torn/ruptured completely
56
contusion lead to
myositis ossification
57
myositis ossification
severe blow to body where muscle impacts the bone and bone starts forming new bone
58
muscle compartment syndrome
- fascia around muscle does not exapand - as muscle get larger it puts pressure on fascia - increase pressure on blood flow and nerve transmission - decreased O2 and blood flow
59
muscle hernia
muscle leave spaces it supposeto occupy and occupys a diff space
60
complete tendon rupture
- happens when extreme overload | - there will be no strenth in ROM
61
partial tendon rupture
- only a few fibers of tendon rupture | - treat like tendonitis
62
tendonitis
inflamation of tendon or surrounding tissue
63
signs and symptoms of tendonitis
-swelling pain on movement -point tenderness
64
treatment for tendonitis
- rest and ice - stretch - strengthen - antiinflamatories - gradual return
65
greenstick fracture
incompete break of not yet ossified bone
66
comminuted fracture
three of more fragments
67
impacted fracture
bone will shrink | long bone recieves force on long axis
68
spiral fracture
an S shape seperation
69
contrecoup fracture
side opposite of impact
70
stress fracture
weakness in bone
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