1
Q
what is the foot designed for?
4 things
A
- strength
- stability
- flexibilty
- cooridniation
2
Q
how many phalange bones are there
A
- 14
- 5: prox
- 4: mid
- 5: distal
3
Q
what is the function of the arches of the foot
3 things
A
- assist in support of body
- absorb shock
- space for vessels/nerves/muscles
4
Q
job of innerlogintudinal arch
A
serves for movement
5
Q
what is the inner longitudinal arch composed of
A
- calca
- talas
- navicular
- 1st cuneiform
- 1st metatars
6
Q
what is the supporting lig of the inner long arch
A
- plantar calcaneonavicular log
- returns arch to orginal position after being stretch
7
Q
job of outer long arch
A
support
8
Q
what side of foot is the outer long arch on?
what is it comprised of
A
- lateral
- calcan
- cuboid
- 5th metatars
9
Q
what is the anterior metatars arch shaped by
A
heads of metatarsals
10
Q
where is the transverse arch?
A
across transverse bones
-cuboid and cuneiform
11
Q
what is the mortis?
A
made by malleoli of tib and fib
-talis sits inside of this
12
Q
ligs on the lat side
5 of them
A
- ant tibiofibular
- pos tibiofibular
- ant talofibular
- calcaneofibular
- post talotibular
13
Q
what ligs of the foot are the most easily injured
A
- ant talofib ***
- calcaneofibular
- post talofibular
14
Q
ligs on medial side
A
deltoid (3 parts)
15
Q
muscles of anterior compartment/main movement of these muscles
A
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallicus longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- main move: doriflex
16
Q
muscles making up the lateral compartment/main movement
A
- peroneus longus
- peroneus brevis
- peroneus tertius
- main move: eversion
17
Q
what is the peroneal retinaculum
A
hold peroneal tendons in place at ankle
18
Q
where does the sup and inf peroneal retinaculum hold the tendons
A
sup: behind lat malleolus
inf: below lat malleolus
19
Q
what muslces are in the superficial posterior compartment
main movement
A
-gastrconemius
-soleus/plantaris
main move: planta flex
20
Q
what muscles are in the deep posterior compartment
A
- tibialis posterior
- flexor hallicus longus
- flexor digitorum longs
21
Q
where does the flexor retinaculum hold the tendons
A
behind the med malleolus
22
Q
what is a bunion
A
thickening of bursa
23
Q
signs and symptoms of bunion
A
- swelling
- redness
- pain from abnorm pressure/pressure of bursa inflam
24
Q
mechanism of bunion
A
shoe too narrow or short
25
treatment of bunion
- ice
- ultrasound
- reposition toe
26
what is hallux valgus
deform of 1st metatars jnt caused by valgus move of great toe
27
what is turf toe
sprain of 1st MP jnt
28
mechanism and treatment of turf toe
mech: hyperexten of great toe
treat:
- ice
- tape toe in neutral position
- shoes to prevent hyperextension
29
what causes pain in atnerior metatars arch
-supporting ligs/muscles lose ability to retain metatars heads in dome
30
what results from pain in anterior metatars arch
- falling arch shape
- places pressure on nerves and blood vesels
- changes the way you walk
31
treatment of pain in anterior metatars arch
- ice
- rest
- whirlpool exercises
- metatars arch pad
- orthotics/better fitting shoes
32
what is the result of pain in inner long arch
-foot will pronate and pull on tendons
33
special treat for pain in inner long arch
tape inner long arch and strengthen foot flexors
34
what is the proper term for "shin spint"
| what are they?
- medial tibial stress syndrome
| - dull aching pain along anterior crest of tibia and fib during running
35
prevention of shin splints
- proper fitting shoes
| - run on soft ground
36
causes of shin splints
| 5 of them
- lack of ROM/flexibility/stength
- aka lack of conditioning
- running on hard ground
- change athletic shoes
- weak/flat long arch
37
treatment of shin splints
- ice massage
- exercises
- tape top of malleoli around arch
38
what exercises can you do to treat shin splints
- pick up marbles w/ toes
| - srunch towel under arch of foot
39
how is the retinaculum involved in shin splints
- ret spreads
| - tendons raise and muscles pull away from bone
40
what is plantar fascitis
-inflam of plantar fascitis
41
order of ligs to be sprained in inversion ankle sprain
- 1st: ant talo tib
- 2nd: calcaneofibular
- 3rd: post talo/ant tib fib
42
how to perform eversion stress test
stresses what?
what are you looking for?
- move talus and calc into eversion
- stresses deltoid lig
- look: increase pain and increased ROM
43
how to perform side to side movement of talus
what does it test for?
looking for what?
- move calc and talus from side to side
- testing: high nakle sprain
- look: thud as talus hits fib b/c mortus widened
44
how to perform anterior drawer test of ankle
what are you testing?
what are you looking for?
- ankle slight dorsi flex
- one hand hold lower tib and exert slight post force
- other hand on post calc and attempt to bring calc forward
- test: ant talo fib
- look: excessive forward movement
45
how to perform talor tilt (inversion test)
what are you testing?
what are you looking for?
- attempt to tilt talu into inversion
- test: ant talo fib and calcaneofibular
- look: laxitity and pain
46
signs and symptoms of 1st degree anke sprain
| 6 of them
- person may walk
- little to no pain
- tenderness at site
- pain when lig stretched
- little to no swell
- 3-7 days
47
signs and symptoms of 2nd degree ankle sprain
| 6 of them
- same as 1st but more intense
- be able to bear weight but not walk
- pain w/ norm ROM/tender at site
- more pain than 1st when stressed
- abnorm movement in ROM
- 2-4 weeks
48
signs and symptoms of 3rd degree sprain of ankle
| 7 of them
- complete loss of func't/cant bear wt
- spasm restricts ROM
- severe tenderness over area
- excessive dicoloration/swelling almost immediately
- may go into shock
- 6-8weks
- w/ fracture 4-6 weeks
49
pre treatment procedure for cyro
| -prepare patient physically
- make sure injury has been evaluated
- remove clothing
- position patient comfotablly
50
pre treatment procedure for cyro
| -prepare patient psychologically
-explain 4 sensations of ice
| explain that the ice will be painful but it will be worth it
51
procedure of cryo
- apply ice thru 4 sensations
- goal of ice is to get to numbness
- exercise the area
- repeat making usre patient reaches numbness in btwn exercises
52
keys ideas about cryo
- all exercises should be actie
- exercises shold be graded by pain
- go thru complete ROM
- exercises performed w/o brace
53
two bursa of the achilles tendon
superficial retrocalcaneal bursa: btwn skin and tendon
| deep ": btwn tendon and calcaneus
54
division of foot
- forefoot: metatars and frwd
- mid foot: navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms
- hindfoot: talus and calcaneus
55
where does the talus sit?
under the mortis and above the sustentaculum tali on calcan
56
what movements do the transerve foot bones allow
- rotaiton
- inversion
- eversion
57
what are the sesamoid bones in foot
what function do they serve
where are they located
-located: 1st metatarsal phalangeal jnt
-flexor hallucis brevis tendon found inbtwn them
function:
-assist in reducing pressure in wt bearing
-alleviate friction during movement
-act as sliding pulleys for tendon
Athletic Training
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