Exam 2 Terms

Question 1

Knowledge Gap

Answer 1

Individuals with higher socioeconomic status have more access to information than those with lower socioeconomic status

Question 2

1st Level Agenda Setting

Answer 2

What people think about (which countries are covered in media)

Question 3

2nd Level Agenda Setting

Answer 3

How people think about things (how countries are portrayed (attributes))

Question 4

3rd Level Agenda Setting

Answer 4

How different topics are linked together (networks of related issues)

Question 5

Agenda Building

Answer 5

How different actors (journalists, the public, politicians, etc.) influence coverage

Question 6

Agenda Melding

Answer 6

Merging personal and media agendas

Question 7

Framing

Answer 7

How issues are presented; affects audience perception

Question 8

Priming

Answer 8

Recent exposure affects later judgements

Question 9

Cultivation Theory

Answer 9

Long-term exposure shapes worldviews

Question 10

Mean World Syndrome

Answer 10

Heavy media consumers perceive the world as being more mean or dangerous than it actually is; part of cultivation theory

Question 11

Mainstreaming

Answer 11

Prolonged and heavy exposure to media can lead to a convergence of opinions amongst viewers; part of cultivation theory

Question 12

Indexing Theory

Answer 12

Media tend to echo the positions of political elite; Limited diversity of perspectives

Question 13

World Systems Theory (Wallerstein)

Answer 13

Core, semi-periphery, and periphery nations

Question 14

Major International News Agencies

Answer 14

AP, AFP, Reuters, Bloomberg, Dow Jones, Pearson, Betelsmann, UPI

Question 15

Tunstall’s Thesis

Answer 15

The Media are American (1977) to The Media Were American (2008)

Question 16

Cultural Convergence Theory

Answer 16

Internet leads to smaller differences between cultures

Question 17

Globalization (Giddens)

Question 18

Tunstall’s Thesis

Answer 18

The Media Are American (1977) to The Media Were American (2008)

Question 19

Cultural Convergence Theory (Barnett)

Answer 19

Internet leads to smaller differences between cultures

Question 20

Globalization (Giddens)

Answer 20

The world has become increasingly interconnected across national borders, driven by advancement in trade, technology, and communication

Question 21

Global Village (McLuhan)

Question 22

Globalization (Giddens, 1990)

Answer 22

The process of strengthening the worldwide social relations that link distant localities in such a way that local events are shaped by circumstances at remote places in the world

Question 23

Global Village (McLuhan, 1962)

Answer 23

The instantaneous world of electronic information media involves all of us, all at once; Kind of the outcome of the process of globalization

Question 24

Transcultural Approach

Answer 24

Abandons the concept of media cultures enclosed by territorial states with diasporic cultures in mind and connected interest groups across the state boundaries

Question 25

Democratic Corporatist

Answer 25

Public broadcasting, state support, high trust (Germany, Scandinavia)

Question 26

Liberal

Answer 26

Market-driven, minimal state role, strong freedoms (UK, Ireland)

Question 27

Polarized Pluralist

Answer 27

Political parallelism, state broadcasting (France, Italy, Spain)

Question 28

Partisan Press & Partisan Audience

Answer 28

Echo chambers, filter bubbles, and polarization effect

Question 29

Spiral of Silence

Answer 29

Opinion climate vs. group conformity pressure; The minority view is often squeezed out of the opinion space

Question 30

Persuasion Concepts

Answer 30

One-sided vs. Two-sided message; False consensus; Pluralist ignorance

Question 31

Propaganda Effects

Answer 31

Magic Bullet or Hypodermic Needle

Question 32

Propaganda Devices

Answer 32

Name calling, bandwagon, playing folks, card stacking, transfer, glittering generality, testimonials

Question 33

Media Dependency

Answer 33

Dependence on certain media leads to different effects

Question 34

Uses and Gratifications

Answer 34

Audiences may interpret identical content very differently depending on how and why they consume media

Question 35

Culture/Media Imperialism

Answer 35

Dominance of the Western culture and media all over the world (has changed some in the 21st century)

Question 36

New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO)

Answer 36

Imbalanced flow and negative news about the global south; widening gap of communication infrastructure and resources; Thus, NWICO proposes that cross-border communication needs to be managed