Executive Functions

Question 1

What are executive functions?

Answer 1

Higher order cognitions which are classified in many different ways. Main conceptualisation: the functions change depending on the context they are used in

Question 2

What are the 3 main foundations of executive function skills?

Answer 2

Inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory

Question 3

What is inhibitory control and an example?

Answer 3

The ability to over-ride automatic behaviour in order to adapt to novel (new) situations. E.g. sitting at a traffic light and it turns green, automatic = accelerate. New situation occurs where a kid starts running after his ball when the light turns green, override automatic = keep foot on break

Question 4

What is cognitive flexibility?

Answer 4

The ability to switch flexibly between different tasks

Question 5

What is working memory?

Answer 5

The ability to carry out a task while holding in mind other conscious goals.

Question 6

What is the hot and cold metaphor for executive functions?

Answer 6

Cold: ability to use EF skills in an ideal environment.
Hot: ability to use EF skills when there is distractions.
How we act in social environments where interruptions and emotions exist will be different to how we will act in an ideal environment. The idea is that we can use hot EF skills in a cold context, but once we enter a another context the EF skills are harder to implement