What are gnasthosomes
Jawed fish
What are cyclostomes
Jawless fish e.g lampreys hagfish
What are teleosts and elasmobranchs
Teleosts = bony fish
Elasmobranch = cartilagenous fish
ammonia breakdown in relation to fish water
Ammonia is converted to nitrite which irreversibly binds Hb to stop O2 binding
Bacteria can convert it to nitrate which is less toxic
What must we consider when raising water temperature for breeding or treatment
Decreases O2 carriage
How to do euthanasia in a fish
Electrical pre-salughter stunning
Direct trauma +/- pithing in large individuals
What can we tell about water from visual inspection
Not much at all
What insecticide used on dogs is veery bad for fish
permethrin
What do we need to remember if going to use tap water for fish
Pulsatile releases of chrlorine and insecticides into it
What is new tank disease
Where there is a nitrite peak two weeks after putting fish in because the biological filter is still immature
when fish can’t breathe O2 what causes them to die
CO2 build up
What is known as candlewax
Carp pox tumours
How could we test to see if a fish has koi herpes virus
Raise water temp to very high and then drop temp twice
If the fish doesn’t die them assume KHV free
Why should we take care with gentamycin in fish
Risk of neuromuscular blockage
Can we use soluble poultry terramycin powder for fish
No
Salt water therapeutics protocol
Start with 1g/litre/day and dradually raise to 3g/l
When changing water how much should we change to dilute bad stuff 50%
1/3 water change
What can we use as a sedative for light anaesthesia or transport stress in fish
Clove oil
What mild irritant can be used for euthanasia
2-phenoxyethanol
What do we use as an inhalation anaesthetic in water and what should we remember
MS222 (or benzocaine in acetone)
Need active flow of water; get progressive deepening of anaesthesia with time
Does gradually lowering temperature work for killing fish
Yes - polikotherms are well suited to going to low temps - lose consciousness then die
but this is a contentious method
What is the cause of white spot/ich in fish
Protozoan parasite Ichyophirius
Why do we want to avoid cleaning filters too much
Don’t want to remove bacterial prescence
Sterile filters are not useful
If there is bullying in a tank how could we help this
Add more fish to the tank
Increasing places to hide
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