Exotics rabbit Flashcards by Millie Dinan

What is the most common post-weaning issue in rabbits

Coccidiosis

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What do we use to treat coccidiosis in rabbits

Co-trimoxazole

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What do we vaccinate baby rabbits against and when

Myxomatosis
Viral haemorrhagic disease 1 and 2

Vaccinate at 7 weeks; then boost yearly

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What is the cause of viral haemorrhagic disease in rabbits

Calicivirus

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How does tapeworm manifest in rabbits

As cysts; this is intermediate host
So can cause structural issues

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How does treatment for E cuniculi work

Fenbendazole can be used
BUT only works for period that the animal is taking drug
- Can’t keep on it at all times due to liver effects
SO: treat at times of stress

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Why do Rex rabbits get coat issues

No guard coat layer; just soft inner coat
Also no eyelashes so get ocular issues

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Which rabbits are prone to ear obstruction

Lop eared rabbits

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What type of digestive system do rabbits have

Hindgut fermentation; very large caecum

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What is the maintenance rate for fluids in rabbits

2-4ml/kg/hr
= 50-100ml/kg/day

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After how long not eating do we need to get rabbits in

That day
= emergency

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What can cause gut stasis in young rabbits but not really seen in adults

Parasites

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What is the main cause of gut stasis in adults

Pain/stress

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What are trichobezoars

accumulation of hair casts
= often secondary to dehydration and can cause obstructions and GDV

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Why do we need to reduce feed amount gradually when getting rabbits to lose weight

Risk of hepatic lipidosis

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What can be used to help in cases of clostridia

Cholestyramine which binds clostridial toxins

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iS it normal to see yeast in rabbit faecal exam

Yes - but if LOTS suggests dysbiosis in gut flora

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What worm is commonly found in caecum/colon of rabbits and can cause perineal pruritis

Passalurus ambiguous
= oxyurid worm

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What parasite can cause hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits

Eimeria steidae
NB: don’t see in faecal test

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What is normal blood glucose in a rabbit

4.2 - 8.2 mmol/l

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What blood glucose level is seen in gut stasis

~ 8.5 mmol/l

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What blood glucose level is seen in obstruction

~25mmol/l

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What does a rising glucose level in a rabbit suggest

Obstruction

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What is the normal PCV for a rabbit

32-40%

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What consideration should we take when giving opioids during GI disorder cases

They cause reduced gut motility as a side effect - So should give a pro-motility drug too

WHat drug is a good choice for neuropathic pain

Gabapentin

Drugs used to improve gut motility in rabbits

Metoclopramide; gastric emptying and SI Ranitidine: also reduces acid/pepsin so lower ulcer risk Cisapride: all guts esp hindgut

What drug has effect of increasing gut motility and reducing ulcer risk via decreased acid/pepsin production

Ranitidine

What drug can be used to help with nausea/sea sickness as seen with inner ear disease

Domperidone

What route should penicillins or cephalosporins not be given

Oral or spilled on skin; kills rabbit if ingested Should only be injected

Risks assocaited with corticosteroid use in rabbits

Enterotoxic shock, septicaemia, hepatic lipidosis

Where to do IM injections in rabbits

lumbar muscles

What two bacteria species are often isolated in respiratory disease in rabbits

Pasteurella multocida Bordetella bronchiseptica Both appear to be commensal

What temp and humidity do we want to avoid respiratory disease

Temp <20*C Humidity 70%

What two things can we use for nebulisation in a rabbit

Salbutamol = bronchodilation Dilute (1:250) MEDICAL F10; disinfectant

Presenting signs with thymoma

Resp disease Head up posture struggling to breathe Bulging eyes as blood pressure can't go back down 1

When might we use corticosteroids in rabbits despite risks

Thymoma Lymphoma

Which types of rabbits are most susceptible to heart disease and what condition

Mainly large breed rabbits DCM

How much tooth is below the gumline in rabbits

70%

Which aspect do spurs form on upper and lower arcades

Upper arcade = bucally Lower arcade = lingually

Rabbit dental formula

2033 1023

Which teeth does the nasolacrimal duct run past

Roots of upper incisors

What is dacryocystitis

Tear duct obstruction; get inflammation of tear sac

What parasite is known as walking dandruff

Cheyletiella

Which skin parasite of rabbits is zoonotic

Cheyletiella

What is psoroptes cuniculi

ear mite of rabbits; very painful give pain relief

What flea species affects rabbits

Spillopsyllus cuniculi

Licensed vs unlicensed treatment for fleas in rabbits

Licensed = advantage (imidacloprid) BUT if not working; use small cat advocat off license (ivermectin)

Cause of ringworm

Dermatophtic fungi

What is the likely cause of expanding alopecic lesions with crusts at edge

Ringworm i.e dermatophytic fungi

In skin fold dermatitis which bacteria infects the dewlap

Pseudomonas

What is incidence of myxomatosis in rabbits related to

Flea population; spread by direct contact, fomites and biting insects

Which form of myxomatosis might we see in a vaccinated rabbit

Cutaneous

Two forms of myxomatosis

Cutaneous Systemic; can become this in unvaccinated rabbits; poor prognosis

Cause of viral haemorrhagic disease

Calicivirus RHD 1, 1a, 2

POst mortem signs in rabbit with viral haemorrhagic disease

Necrotising hepatitis, haemorrhages throughout )=erythema)

What is different about new variant VHD2

Only affects very young rabbits See subacute/chronic disease with longer latent paeriod

What do we remove during rabbit spay to avoid adenocarcinoma

Uterus and both cervices

Cause of rabbit syphilis

Treponema cuniculi

Treating rabbit syphilis (treponema)

Use penicillin injections weekly for 4 weeks

Why do we do flushing with sludge/calculi under GA

Very painful

What does haematuria sugest

Bladder and lower. urinary tract issue

What is E cuniculi

Microsporidian protozoon spread via urine NB: = low risk zoonosis

How does E cuniculi affect the body

Affect urinary system and then spreads in body and encysts Shows preference to go to neurological system so can see neuro signs due to these cysts

Clinical signs of E cuniculi issue

Polydipsia, polyuria, urine scalding, gu stasis Neurological cases: range from milk weakness to severe central disorders

Treatment for E cuniculi

Can't eliminate BUt fenbendazole helps; do for 4-6 weeks

Death risk under anaesthetic in healthy vs sick rabbit

Healthy = 0.75% Sick = 7.5%

Which rabbit breeds show increased incidence of cardiac disease

Giant breeds

Why is catecholamine induced coronary vasoconstriction more of an issue in rabbits

Because they have limited collateral myocardial circulation

What effect on the heart can alpha 2 agonists cause in rabbits

Myocardial necrosis

WHat drugs are most commonly used as premeds in rabbits

Hypnorm (fentanyl) Medetomidine

What is the risk with using opioids in rabbits

Cause gut stasis; should also give GI motility support

Why do we want to avoid gas induction in rabbits

The smell of the gas causing breath holding and bradycardia (diving reflex) --> Leads to hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis

Which is quicker at induction out of isoflourane and sevoflurane

Sevoflurane

Which drugs are licensed for injectable anaesthetic induction

Hypnorm (fentanyl/fluanisone) = IM Alfaxalone = IV

When might we use ketamine + alpha 2 agonists in rabbit anaesthesia

For orthopaedics; gives good surgical anaesthesia BUT very long recovery and hypoxaemia

What should we remember when doing alfaxalone induction in rabbits

Only draw up half of the 9-11mg/kg dose due to risk of giving too much Give slowly with regular checking

Why do we need to ensure good technique when intubating rabbits

Prone to laryngospasm and laryngeal oedema

What drug would we use to counter hypersalivation or low heart rate in rabbits

NOT atropine due to natural atropinase enzymes SO: go for glycopyrrolate

IV fluid rate for rabbits during operation

4mg/kg/hour

What temperature is normal in rabbits

38-40*C

Prokinetics we could use in rabbits post operatively

Ranitidine Metoclopramide

Do we need to starve small rodents before anaesthesia

Exotics rabbit Flashcards

(83 cards)