Experiments_Types_and_Design

Question 1

What is operationalisation?

Answer 1

Clearly defining variables in how they can be measured within the hypothesis/experiment

Question 2

What are the types of extraneous variables?

Answer 2

• ‘Nuisance’: not confounding, make results harder to measure
• Confounding: affects DV

Question 3

What is the independent groups design?

Answer 3

Group 1 gets condition A, group 2 gets condition B, performance of each group is compared

Question 4

Evaluate the independent groups design

Answer 4

• No order effects/demand characteristics
• Participant variables may confound results
• Less economical, only one result per participant

Question 5

What is the repeated measures design?

Answer 5

Every participant experiences conditions A and B, results compared

Question 6

Evaluate the repeated measures design

Answer 6

• Participant variables controlled, is economical
• Order effects (boredom, fatigue, practice) affect results
• More likely to deduce aim, demand characteristics

Question 7

What is the matched pairs design?

Answer 7

Participants paired by potential confounding variables, then put in different conditions often requires pre-test)

Question 8

Evaluate the matched pairs design

Answer 8

• No order effects or demand characteristics
• Pairs can’t be matched exactly, leads to some participant variables
• Less economical (time consuming, expensive)

Question 9

What are the qualities of a laboratory experiment?

Answer 9

• Controlled environment
• Researcher manipulates IV

Question 10

What are the qualities of a field experiment?

Answer 10

• Natural environment
• Researcher manipulates IV

Question 11

What are the qualities of a natural experiment?

Answer 11

• Can be in the lab or field
• IV is naturally occurring (not manipulated by researcher)

Question 12

What are the qualities of a quasi-experiment?

Answer 12

• Can be in the lab or field
• IV an existing difference (i.e. gender) and cannot be manipulated

Question 13

What are pilot studies?

Answer 13

• Small scale versions of the experiment run before the main one
• Check things run smoothly

Question 14

Define related and unrelated experimental designs

Answer 14

• Related: repeated measures and matched pairs - same or similar participants used in every condition
• Unrelated: indépendant groups - different participants in each condition