CMPR122 > External Pattern Differentiation > Flashcards

External Pattern Differentiation Flashcards

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1
Q

In regards to pathogenic factors, what are the 2 ways a full-empty condition can arise?

A
  • pathogenic factor weakens -> Xu
    eg. Fire weakens yin
  • Xu can give rise to pathogenic factor
    eg. Spleen-Qi Xu giving rise to dampness

(generally speaking, pathogenic factors are more relevant as patterns of disharmony as opposed to causes of disease)

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2
Q

What is the nature of Wind and how does it behave?

A

Yang, tends to injure blood & yin
Rapid and swift movement - think rapid onset, rapid changes in S&S
Ascending and opening actions

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3
Q

What does the external pathogen Cold cause?
What organ does it pertain to?

A

Damage yang qi (as it is a yin pathogenic factor)
slowed activity
congeal and contract
injuries the kidneys especially

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4
Q

What does the external pathogen Summer heat cause?

A

Only in summer & the only external pathogenic factor with no internal equivalent
hotness
evaporation (injures Yin)

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5
Q

What does the external pathogen Fire cause?

A

Injure fluid, consume qi, engender wind,
disturbs mental activities due to intense heat
causes bleeding (as it agitates blood)

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6
Q

What is the nature of dampness?

A

Yin pathogenic factor, tends to injure yang
Impedes qi flow due to its turbid, heavy, sticky, downward flowing nature
causes repeated attacks

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7
Q

What area of the body does dampness tend to invade first?

A

tends to invade the lower part of the body first, typically the legs, flowing upwards in the leg channels to settle in any of the pelvic cavity organs

  • Female genital system: vaginal discharges
  • intestines: loose stools
  • Bladder: difficulty, frequency & burning of urination
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8
Q

What does the external pathogen Dryness cause?

A

Is a Yang pathogenic factor
Consumes fluid and injures the lung

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9
Q

What are 8 of the common S&S of Wind?

A

Chills and fever
Occipital stiffness
Headache (affecting the top part of the head)
Floating pulse
Itching (affects the skin)
Numbness and tingling (esp. unilaterally)
Facial paralysis (deviation)
Impediment disease (Bi syndrome)

Like the wind in nature, it also blows intermittently, sways the tops of trees -> causes involuntary movements in the forms of tremors/convulsions “shaking the sinews”
however - can also cause the opposite - rigidity & paralysis

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10
Q

What organs does external vs. internal wind affect?

A

Externally - lungs first
internally - always involves liver

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11
Q

What are 5 types of external wind invasion?

A
  • invasion of wind in the Lung’s wei qi portion (common cold)
  • in the channels of the face (facial paralysis)
  • in the channels and joints (painful obstruction syndrome)
  • affliction of the liver channel by external wind
  • wind in the skin
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12
Q

The presence of wind in the space b/w skin & muscles interferes with….

A

the diffusing & descending of Lung qi -> causing sneezing and potentially coughing

this impairment of D&D of lung fluids -> runny nose with profuse white discharge

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13
Q

The fight b/w pathogenic wind & Wei Qi in skin & muscles may cause…

A

fever - but in the objective sense. On palpation the skin feels hot

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14
Q

Wind attacks the superficial channels first - Taiyang and obstruction of these leads to…

A

obstruction of wei qi in these channels -> causing pain & stiffness along channels esp. back of neck

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15
Q

When the circulation of Wei Qi is impaired in muscles the person…

A

feels chilly and has an aversion to cold, as wei qi warms the muscles

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16
Q

Why is there no sweating in Wind-cold attack with prevalence of cold?
pulse?
When is this likely to happen?

A

because cold contracts the pores
pulse will be tight, floating
This is likely to occur when the person has a relatively strong constitution & tendency to excess patterns -> wei qi reacts strongly -> closing pores hence no sweating.

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17
Q

Why is there slight sweating in Wind-cold attack with prevalence of wind?
pulse?
When is this likely to happen?

A

wind opens the pores
pulse will be slow, floating
likely to happen if the person has a relatively weak constitution & tendency to Xu patterns -> Ying Qi is weak, pores open ->slight sweating

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18
Q

What are 5 examples of internal wind?

A
  • extreme heat (febrile diseases)
  • liver-yang rising
  • liver-fire
  • liver-blood and/or Liver-yin Xu
  • liver & kidney-yin Xu
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19
Q

What are the 7 common S&S of summer heat?

A
  • Fever
  • Aversion to cold (b/c it invades Wei Qi portion)
  • Sweating (due to the scattering nature of summerheat)
  • Headache (it invades the top of the body)
  • Irritability, thirst, red tongue, Rapid (tends to move to Qi level almost from the beginning, hence heat symptoms)
  • white tongue coat (b/c pathogenic factor is exterior)
  • Heavy sensation, uncomfortable sensation of epigastrium, soggy pulse, sticky coat (because Summerheat tends to combine with damp)
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20
Q

What are the 9 common S&S of cold?

A

Chills
Cold limbs (“when cold enters the channels it retards circulation”)
Thin clear discharges
Pain (think cold congeals blood -> major causer of blood stasis = intense pain, accompanied by chilliness & aggravated by cold)
Desire for warmth
No thirst
White complexion
Pale tongue with white coat
Slow pulse

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21
Q

Invasion of cold, causing blood stasis is common in what organ?

What does it result in?

A

Uterus -> resulting in painful periods with small, dark clots

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22
Q

What the main types of external cold invasion?

(which is full in nature)

A
  • Invasion of cold in Lung Wei-Qi portion (wind-cold)
  • Invasion of channels & joints by cold (causing Bi syndrome) - characterised by intense pain, aggravated by cold & alleviated by heat
  • Invasion of muscles & sinews by cold (very common in muscles of shoulder & neck eg. very stiff, locked neck with sudden onset)
  • Invasion of external cold in Stomach, Intestines & Uterus
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23
Q

What the main symptoms of cold invading ST, Intestines & Uterus individually?

A

All are accompanied with chilliness, pain aggravated by cold and alleviated by warmth
ST - epigastric pain & vomiting
Intestines - Abdo pain & diarrhoea
Uterus - acute dysmenorrhoea

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24
Q

How does one differentiate b/w full and empty internal cold?

Study These Flashcards
A

full-cold
- acute onset
- intense, crampy pain
Tongue: thick white coat
Pulse: full-tight-slow
Empty-cold
- chronic
- dull pain
Tongue: thin, white coat, pale body
Pulse: weak-deep-slow

25
How does internal Empty-cold typically arise?
Yang Xu - generally Spleen, Kidney or Lung Yang Xu In this case cold isn't coming from external, rather it's internally generated
26
What are the 8 common S&S of damp?
Heavy sensation Poor appetite Fullness and distention Sticky taste Difficult urination Vaginal discharge Sticky tongue coat Slippery pulse
27
Due to the heavy nature of Damp, how does it affect the head?
prevents clear yang from rising to the head - causing heaviness, muzziness/fuzziness, feeling of tiredness
28
How is the dirtiness of damp reflected?
dirty discharges eg. cloudy urine, vaginal discharges or skin diseases characterised by thick & dirty fluids coming out (eg. certain types of eczema)
29
What are the 3 possible types of invasions by external dampness?
- invasion of damp that may affect the Bladder, intestines, stomach, uterus & gallbladder - An invasion of dampness in the channels causing damp painful obstruction syndrome in its acute stage - invasion of damp-heat of the warm disease type at the wei qi level - manifesting with fever
30
What at 4 (plus tongue & pulse) S&S of invasion of external dampness in Bladder? plus: 5 signs of associated with heat
- difficultly & pain on urination with ACUTE onset - scanty, but frequent urination - cloudy urine - feeling of heaviness in lower abdomen Tongue: thick sticky coating on root Pulse: maybe slippery in left-rear position If with heat: - burning pain on urination - dark urine - thirst but no desire to drink - yellow tongue - slightly rapid pulse
31
What are 2 S&S (plus pulse & tongue) of chronic dampness in bladder?
- Urinary difficulty with slight/no pain - cloudy urine Tongue: sticky coating on root of tongue Pulse: soggy
32
What at 5 (plus tongue & pulse) S&S of invasion of external dampness in Stomach?
- Acute onset of vomiting and/or watery diarrhoea without smell - epigastric pain - feeling of stuffiness of epigastrium - cold limbs - no appetite Tongue: white, thick, sticky coating Pulse: slippery
33
What at 3 (plus tongue & pulse) S&S of invasion of external dampness in Gallbladder?
- acute onset of hypochondrial pain - feeling of heaviness - bitter taste Tongue: sticky yellow coating on one side Pulse: slippery
33
What are 4 S&S (plus pulse & tongue) of chronic dampness in Spleen & stomach?
- epigastric & abdominal fullness & heaviness - N&V - sticky taste - loose stools with mucus Tongue: sticky coating Pulse: soggy
34
What at 3 (plus tongue & pulse) S&S of invasion of external dampness in Intestines?
- Acute onset of watery diarrhoea without smell - abdo pain - feeling of heaviness Tongue: sticky, thick, white coating Pulse: slippery
35
What are 2 S&S (plus pulse & tongue) of chronic dampness in the Intestines?
- abdo fullness & heaviness - loose stools with mucus Tongue: sticky coating on the root Pulse: soggy
36
What at 2 (plus tongue & pulse) S&S of invasion of external dampness in Uterus?
- acute onset of painful period (as a one-off) - excessive vaginal discharge Tongue: thick sticky white coating on root Pulse: slippery
37
What are 4 S&S (plus pulse & tongue) of chronic dampness in Uterus?
- abdo fullness & heaviness - vaginal discharge - mid-cycle pain and/or bleeding - painful periods Tongue: sticky coating on the root Pulse: soggy
38
What are the common S&S of dryness?
Dry throat, lips, tongue, mouth, skin, stools Scanty urination
39
What are 5 types of dryness?
external dryness internal dryness Stomach, Lung & Kidney dryness
40
What is the aetiology of External dryness? S&S?
- occurs with an invasion of wind in very dry climates or when exposed to artificial, very dry working conditions - aversion to cold & fever (wind signs) - dry cough, mouth, throat, nose, tongue & floating pulse (dryness signs)
41
What are the 3 ways internal dryness can arise?
- develop from external dryness - derive from Yin Xu - can arise internally by itself - generally from dietary causes (which may lead to Yin Xu)
42
Aetiology and the 3 main clinical manifestations of Stomach-Dryness?
- Stomach is the origin of fluids -> IRR diet depletes the stomach fluids ->dryness (the precursor of Yin Xu) - dry mouth, tongue, cracks on tongue
43
What is the aetiology and the 6 main clinical signs of Lung-Dryness?
- keeps moist with vapour that rises from the kidneys, therefore, excessive use of voice ->can lead to dryness in lungs (precursor of Lung-qi Xu) - dry mouth, throat, dry cough, tongue, skin & hoarse voice
44
What can lung dryness in severe cases lead to?
dry stools - due to it's relationship with the LI
45
What is the aetiology & the 5 main clinical signs of Kidney dryness?
- excessive sexual activity in men, chronic menorrhagia in women, and smoking - dry throat at night with desire to sip water at night, scanty urination, dry tongue with cracks, dry menstrual blood, dry skin
46
What are 7 common S&S of fire?
Redness, pain, and swelling of affected areas Abdominal pain Ulcers (as it rises. Eg. HT-fire -> tongue ulcers, ST-fire -> mouth ulcers) Scanty urination & Dry stools (fire is more drying than heat) Insomnia, Irritability and agitation (as it affects the mind more than heat) Manic behaviour Coughing blood
47
How does one differentiate b/w cold-damp vs damp-heat in the acute stages of external dampness in channels? What is the main manifestation?
One joint affect -> cold-dampness Multiple joints -> damp-heat achy, swollen joints with feeling of heaviness occurring with sudden onset
48
What is the main manifestation (plus pulse & tongue) of chronic dampness in Gallbladder?
- hypochondrial fullness & pain tongue: unilateral sticky coating Pulse: soggy
49
What are 5 S&S (plus pulse & tongue) of chronic dampness in Liver?
- urinary difficulty & pain - cloudy urine - hypogastric fullness & distension - vaginal discharge - genital sores & itching Tongue: sticky coating on the root Pulse: soggy
50
What are 3 S&S (plus pulse & tongue) of chronic dampness in Kidneys?
- urinary difficulty & pain - cloudy urine - feeling of heaviness in the back, backache Tongue: sticky coating to the root Pulse: soggy
51
What is the main sign of chronic dampness in the channels?
aching, swelling and heaviness of joints
52
What are 4 key manifestations of Heart-fire?
- Tongue ulcers - insomnia - agitation - mental restlessness Tongue: red tip
52
What are 5 key manifestations of Liver-fire?
- red, swollen & painful eyes - headaches - bitter taste - irritability - propensity to outburst of anger Tongue: red sides Pulse: wiry
53
What are 3 key manifestations of stomach-fire?
- mouth ulcers - thirst - epigastric pain Tongue: thick, dry, dark-yellow coating
54
What are 2 key manifestations of fire in intestines?
- constipation with dry stools - abdo pain
54
What are 2 key manifestations of fire in lungs?
- coughing up blood - expectoration of thick yellow sputum
55
What are the 5 chief characteristics of toxic heat?
swelling redness heat pus pain
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