eyewitness testimony

Question 1

give two examples of misleading information

Answer 1

1. leading questions
2. post event discussion

Question 2

what are leading questions?

Answer 2

questions that are worded to suggest a particular answer

Question 3

what was the aim of Loftus and Palmers experiement 1

Answer 3

to see if phrasing of a question would effect estimates of speed

Question 4

describe Loftus and palmers experiment 1

Answer 4

. 45 students put into 5 different groups
. showed 7 clips of car accidents between 5-30 seconds long
. after clips shown p’s were asked critical question.
.’ about how fast were the cars going when they ** into eachother’

Question 5

what were the 5 different verbs used in Loftus and palmers study?

Answer 5

smashed, collided, bumped, hit and contacted

Question 6

what were the findings of Loftus and palmers study?

Answer 6

verb used affected estimate speed e.g smashed= 40, contacted= 31

Question 7

in what 2 ways can the results of Loftus and palmers study be explained

Answer 7

1. response bias= word influences how they choose to answer
2. substitution explanation= word changes the participants memory of clip

Question 8

what was the aim of Loftus and palmers experiment 2

Answer 8

to determine whether leading questions would influence the response of eyewitness

Question 9

what was the procedure of Loftus and palmers experiment 2?

Answer 9

.150 participant split into 3 groups
.watched one minute film containing multiple car accidents
. one group would hear the word ‘hit’ on group would hear the word ‘smashed and the other would not be asked about the speed of the vehicle
. a week later participants retuned and asked if they saw any broken glass when there was none in the clip

Question 10

what were the findings of Loftus and palmers experiment 2?

Answer 10

yes= 16 compared to 6 in control group and 7 with word hit

Question 11

describe gabbert et al research into post-event discussion

Answer 11

. 60 older adults and 60 older students
. p’s watched video of girl stealing money from wallet
. p’s either tested individually (control group) or in pairs (co-witness)
. each participant watched video of same crime but from different POV
. those in pairs then discussed what they had seen before recall

Question 12

what were the findings of gabberts research into post-event discussion

Answer 12

71% of p’s mistakenly recalled aspects of event that they did not see where with control group it was 0%