feedback
information concerning performance and/or outcome of movement skill
intrinsic or augmented
what does feedback do?
- motivates learner by providing information on the progress of skill learning
- highlights skill errors and enables learner to make appropriate corrections
- recognises and reinforces correct tecnique and movement patterns
intrinsic feedback
feedback comes form internal sources via body’s five senses (visual, auditory, proprioception, touch)
visual intrinsic
visual information recieved that informs the perception of a skill
eg. seeing ball land in service box
auditory intrinsic
sound information recieved that indorms the perception of a skill
eg. hearning the ball bounce of the rim of a tennis racket
proprioception intrinsic
proprioceptors that provide feedback on the spatial position of the performer
eg. feeling like you have overroated during serve
touch intrinsic
tactical information that informs the perception of a skill
eg. feeling poor grip on gymnastics bars
intrinsic prior to skill
allows athlete to tailor skill to context of the environment
eg. cricketer watching ball release out of bowlers hand to determine correct shot to play
intrinsic during skill
allows athlete to adjust and recover if they percieve a skill or technical error
eg. gymnast adjusting to double somersault rather than tripple to minimise risk of injury on landing
intrinsic after skill
althete can use the feedback to adjust technique for next attempt
eg. tennis player tossing ball slightly higher on socond serve as first serve was fault and felt rushed
augmented feedback
feedback that comes from external source (coach, teamate)
two types:
- knowledge of results
- knowledge of performance
knowledge of results
augmented
relates to outcome
eg. coach telling performer that heat time was fast enough to qualify
knowledge of performance
augmented
related to technique
eg. coach telling performer to extend their leg fully during their kicking action
feedback frequency for cognitive
mainly augmented
- allows them to develop technique appropriately
limited intrinsic to detect or correct errors
feedback frequency for associative
combination of intrinsic (refine internal error detection) and augmented (reinforce correct movement patterns and adjust errors)
feedback frequency for autonomous
significant intrinsic
- are able to internally detect and correct errors
augmented feedback to help refine technique
