Feedback & Learning Plateaus

Question 1

What is feedback?

Answer 1

Information to aid error correction.

Question 2

What are the purposes of feedback?

Answer 2

• Corrects errors.
• Reinforces correct actions.
• Eliminate bad habits.
• Acts as a motivator.
• Builds confidence.

Question 3

What are the 6 types of feedback?

Answer 3

1. Knowledge of performance
2. Knowledge of results
3. Positive
4. Negative
5. Intrinsic
6. Extrinsic

Question 4

What is knowledge of performance?

Answer 4

• Information about why the skill/ action was successful or unsuccessful, including technique and quality action.

Question 5

What is knowledge of results?

Answer 5

• Information about whether or not the skill/ action was successful (if so repeat) or unsuccessful (if not adjust next time).

Question 6

What is positive feedback?

Answer 6

• Information about what was correct, so that it will be repeated in the future.

Question 7

What is negative feedback?

Answer 7

• Information about incorrect actions, so that it will not be repeated, and errors are corrected.

Question 8

What is intrinsic feedback?

Answer 8

• From within using kinesthesis, used to ‘feel’ if the action was correct or not; can be positive/ negative.

Question 9

What is extrinsic feedback?

Answer 9

• From an outside source, used to reinforce correct actions and correct errors; can be positive/ negative.

Question 10

Feedback- cognitive performers.

Answer 10

• Reliant on extrinsic feedback from coach.
• Feedback should be positive.
• Some knowledge of results can be used (successful actions are repeated).

Question 11

Feedback- associative

Answer 11

• Performer begins to develop kinesthesis + uses intrinsic feedback to correct movement.
• Extrinsic feedback is still used to refine actions + eliminate mistakes.
• Performer begins to use knowledge of performance.

Question 12

Feedback- autonomous.

Answer 12

• Intrinsic feedback to correct their own mistakes (kinesthesis).
• Extrinsic feedback can be negative to aid error correction.
• Knowledge of performance to understand why the action was successful or not.

Question 13

What is a learning plateau?

Answer 13

• A learning plateau occurs when a learner stops progressing/ no improvement in performance is evident.

Question 14

Analysis of the curve (Stage 1)

Answer 14

• Rate of learning is slow and performance level is poor because the performer is in the cognitive stage of learning. They are still working out the required subroutines using trial and error learning.

Question 15

Analysis of the curve (Stage 2)

Answer 15

• Rapid acceleration in the rate of learning because the performer has begun to master the skill and gain some success, this provides reinforcement and motivation.

Question 16

Analysis of the curve (Stage 3)

Answer 16

• No improvement in the rate of learning (reached a plateau). Performance stays at the same level.

Question 17

Analysis of the curve (Stage 4)

Answer 17

• Performer has a drop in the rate of improvement; therefore, performance starts to get worse (drive reduction).

Question 18

What is drive reduction?

Answer 18

• Occurs because the performer has gained success and the initial drive to succeed has been lost. The challenge of mastering the task has been overcome and a new challenge or extension to the task is need to maintain motivation.

Question 19

Causes and solutions to the plateau effect

Answer 19

• Loss of motivation= use variable practice.
• Mental/ physical fatigue= allow the performer to rest.
• Poor coaching= try variety of coaching methods/ alternative coach.
• Incorrect goals set= set goals using the SMARTER principle.