Final Flashcards by Nicole U

The right and left optic nerve join at the

Optic chiasm

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Which intracranial artery passes through the sylvian fissure?

A. Internal carotid
B. External carotid
C. Basilar artery
D. Middle cerebral

D. Middle cerebral

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C is pointing to

7th cranial nerve

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Letter A is pointing to

Genu of the corpus callosum

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Letter E is pointing to

FORNIX

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Letter C is pointing to

Common carotid bifurcation

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Letter E is responsible for blood flow to

POSTERIOR BRAIN

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What kind of MR image

MRA EXTRACRANIAL CIRCULATION

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Letter B points to

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Letter J points to

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Letter A points to the

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Letter E points to the

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Letter K points to the

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Letter C points to the

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Letter C points to the

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Letter A points to the

VertebroBasilar junction

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Letter B points to the _______ and letter D points to the ______

B. External carotid artery
D. Vertebral artery

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Letter E points to the _____ and letter F points to the _____

E. Left subclavian artery
F. Thoracic aorta

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Letter G points to the _____ , letter H points to ______ and letter J points to the

G. Brachiocephalic
H. Right subclavian artery
J. Common carotid artery

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Letter K points to the ________,

K. Internal carotid artery

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Sigmoid

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B is pointing to

Choose

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Choose

Red arrow points to

Blue arrows

How many cranial nerves ?

What do the green arrows points to

Cervical spine ideal scan plane is

-Visualized best in the Sagittal and Axial planes -Coronal Plane used to visualize and measure scoliosis

Cervical spine coverage which scan plane - • Cover from C2-3 to C7-T1 • Angled parallel with intervertebral discs

Axial

Which scan plane is this appropriate for when imaging cervical spine ? • Slices should cover all 7 vertebral bodies from right to left • Angled parallel to spinal cord

Sagittal

To best visualize nerve root in cervical spine which sequence is most ideal ? A. T1 B. T2 C. 3D Coherent GRE

C. 3D Coherent GRE

When scanning thoracic spine where must the landmark be centered ?

-4th Thoracic Vertebrae - ribs / Hyoid- count down

Thoracic spine is best visualized in which plane ?

Sagittal and Axial Planes (Coronal Plane used to visualize and measure scoliosis)

What tissue has the fastest T1 time, and will appear bright on a T1 weighted image? • Gray Matter • White Matter • Cerebrospinal Fluid • Aqueous Humour Meningies

• White Matter

What imaging plane(s) is best to visualize the Internal Auditory Canals (IACs)? • Axial • Coronal • Sagittal • Axial & Coronal • Coronal & Sagittal

• Axial & Coronal

What imaging plane(s) is best to visualize the Pituitary Gland? • Axial • Coronal • Sagittal • Axial & Coronal • Coronal & Sagittal

• Coronal & Sagittal

For a routine brain MRI axial slices are aligned with • Anterior & Posterior Commisure • Longitudinal Fissure • Sylvian Fissure • Straight Sinus • None of the Above

• Anterior & Posterior Commisure

Shim must be applied in the following scenarios (select all that apply) • Fat saturated • images off-centered anatomy • tissues with high susceptibility • differences (air/tissue) • all of these

• all of these

Which of the following sequences can be utilized to greatly reduce artefact from flow following the injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent? A T1-weighted IR B T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo C T1-weighted conventional spin echo D T1-weighted fast spin echo

B T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo

Following the injection of a gadolinium-based MR contrast agent, magnetization transfer can help increase visualization of minimally enhancing lesions due to A the reduction in signal from normal brain tissue B the increase in SNR from the MT pulse C the higher SAR required for the MT pulse

A the reduction in signal from normal brain tissue

Axial slices of the brain should be prescribed parallel to: • A Lateral ventricles B Cerebellum C Optic chiasm D ACPC line

D ACPC line

Which artefact is commonly seen in coronal GRE images of the temporal lobes?: A Phase mismapping B Magnetic susceptibility C Aliasing D Zipper

B. Magnetic susceptibility The border of the petrous ridge and the brain have different magnetic susceptibilities which can cause distortion at the interface.

Which of the following strategies enables differentiation of micro and macro adenomas?: • A It is impossible to differentiate them as they have the same characteristics • B Macroadenomas are located posterior whereas as microadenomas are anterior • C Macroadenomas enhance quickly and microadenomas do not D Macroadenomas always have a high signal intensity whereas microadenomas have a low signal.

The correct answer is C. As a general rule, macroadenomas enhance quickly, but microadenomas do not. However, it should be noted that eventually all the pituitary gland enhances as well as the microadenoma itself, and therefore, careful timing of post-contrast enhancement scans is important.

Which artefact is commonly seen in coronal GRE images of the temporal lobes? • A Phase mismapping • B Magnetic susceptibility C Aliasing D Zipper

B Magnetic susceptibility The border of the petrous ridge and the brain have different magnetic susceptibilities which can cause distortion at the interface.

The pulse sequence utilized for axial cervical spine imaging which would best demonstrate osteophytes is A T1-weighed conventional spin echo B T2*-weighted gradient echo C T2-weighted fast spin echo

C T2-weighted fast spin echo

The sequence which is least likely to demonstrate MS lesions in the cervical cord is A T2-weighted FSE B STIR C Balanced GRE D T2*-weighted GRE

C Balanced GRE

Generally, the type of receiver coil which would provide the best SNR would be A single element linear B multi-coil array C linear posterior element only D quadrature

B multi-coil array

In coronal and sagittal imaging of the thoracic spine, which anatomical features are included in the image: A Foramen magnum to conus B C7 to conus C Foramen magnum to sacrum

B C7 to conus

Balanced GRE is the not the pulse sequence of choice for cord lesions because: A It is not a true T2 weighted pulse sequence B It is susceptible to flow motion artefacts C There is not enough contrast between CSF and nerve roots D It can only be used in 2D acquisitions

A It is not a true T2 weighted pulse sequence A. Balanced GRE utilizes the steady-state, images are not T2-weighted but rather weighted for the ratio of T1 to T2. Tissues with a high T1 to T2 ratio have a high signal intensity and cord lesions are not well-visualized.

If swallowing artefact is a problem in cervical spine imaging which of the following strategies may be useful: A Oversampling B Fat suppression C GMN D Pre-saturation bands

D. Pre-saturation bands - placed over the anterior neck null signal from moving anatomy in the throat.

is a post-processing technique that allows us to capture any slice in any plane within the 3D volume that we have already acquired and allows us to be able to reformat axial, coronal, sagittal, and oblique images from a single acquisition. • Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) Multiplanar Reconstruction (MPR) Subtraction

• Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP)

What Time of Flight (TOF) phenomenon below would result in flowing tissues •contributing to the recorded MRI signal? • Excited / Not Refocused • Not Excited / Refocused • Excited/Refocused • Saturated / Refocused

• Excited/Refocused

What parameter adjusts the amplitude of the flow encoding gradient and allows us to visualize flowing tissues at various speeds? • TE • Gradient Ramp TOF • Flip Angle • VENC

• VENC

All of the following affect flow related enhancement EXCEPT: • Thickness of Slice • Speed of Flowing Blood • Flow Patterns • Imaging Matrix • Pulse Sequence Type

• Imaging Matrix

When acquiring a time of flight MRA of the renal arteries, where should the spatial saturation band be positioned? • Inferior • Superior • Lateral • Posterior

• Inferior

Vessels in a spin echo pulse sequence appear _________ because of: • Bright / dephasing of flowing protons • Bright / flowing protons being in the slice for excitation and refocusing pulses • Dark / longer times between excitation and refocusing pulses •Dark / flowing protons being in the slice for excitation and refocusing pulses

• Dark / flowing protons being in the slice for excitation and refocusing pulses

Why is the saturation of stationary, background tissue important for vascular imaging? • Saturation of stationary, background tissue increases SNR of the imaging volume. • Saturation of stationary, background tissues increases contrast between vessels and stationary tissues. • Saturation of stationary, background tissue allows for excitation of an entire imaging volume. • Saturation of stationary, background tissues compensates for inhomogeneities within the magnet

• Saturation of stationary, background tissues increases contrast between vessels and stationary tissues.

What artifact appears as banding and is usually seen in the periphery of the Field of View? • Wrap • Zipper • Gibbs • Moiré • Chemical Shift

• Moiré

What do you cover while scanning shoulder in axial plain? • Superior labrum to Inferior labrum • Supraspinatus tendon down to glenoid process • AC joint to inferior labrum

AC joint to inferior labrum

Location of lesion

Cauda equina

What is the weighting of this pulse sequence?

Location of lesion

Cauda equina

Inferior facet joint Intervertebral foramen Superior facet joint Posterior longitudinal ligament

Intervertebral foramen

Location of lesion

Cauda equina

The film terminale anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx. True False

True

The ligament that connects the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum is A. Ligamentum flava B. Supraspinous C. Interspinous D. Posterior Longitudinal

B. Supraspinous

lumbar spine imaging, images acquired directly through inter-vertebral disc spaces are acquired in the: a) Axial plane b) Sagittal plane c) Coronal plane d) A and C

a) Axial plane

imaging which extrinsic contrast parameter most influences signal in muscle A TR B Flip angle C Image matrix D TE

D. TE (influences the signal of muscle in MSK imaging. A very long TE produces T2-weighted images in which muscle is hypointense. The SNR is therefore reduced, but fluid detection)

Which of the following parameters are used to optimise an image in which metal implants have caused susceptibility artefact? A CSE B Flow compensation (GMN) C Receiver bandwidth D Phase encoding direction E GRE

The correct answer is A and C.

In shoulder imaging which of the following strategies reduces the likelihood of images displaying incorrectly; A Lying the patient prone B Using a 45° pad under the shoulder and hips C Pulling the arm down D Straightening the thumb

The correct answer is B. To correct for images displaying incorrectly, roll the patient to the side of interest and use a 45 degree sponge to support the shoulder and hip. This aligns the shoulder joint in a more perpendicular orientation and the spine is not twisted.

When prescribing coronal slices of the wrist a reference line that joins which of the following bones is used; A scaphoid to pisiform B lunate to scaphoid C hook of hamate to pisiform D lunate to hook of hamate

C hook of hamate to pisiform (From an axial localizer, use a line joining the hook of hamate and the pisiform bone as a reference. Displace slices inferiorly for the carpal tunnel.)

When prescribing sagittal slices of the humerus, they must be: a) angled perpendicular to the epicondyles on an axial b) angled parallel to the epicondyles on an axial c) parallel to the shaft of the humerus on a coronal d) perpendicular to the shaft of the humerus on a coronal a) a and c b) a and d c) band c d) b and d

a) a and c

The term golfer's elbow refers to a) Medial epicondylitis b) Tennis elbow c) Lateral epicondylitis d) Triceps tendon tear

a) Medial epicondylitis

Label G

Coronoid process

Label D

Trapezoid

Label G

Coronoid process

Location of lesion

Cauda equina

Final Flashcards

(83 cards)