Final Exam chapter 2 review

Question 1

What is low electronegativity?

Answer 1

Where the atomic numbers of each atom are equal or close to equal in a nonpolar covalent bond

Question 2

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 2

When valence electrons are shared and form strong bonds that build molecules

Question 3

Why are the following considered “attractions” and not bonds: hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions

Answer 3

Because their interactions/pull toward each other are so weak they are considered attractions and not bonds

Question 4

What is surface tension?

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonds to create a barrier that keeps small objects from entering the water

Question 5

What are the differences between acids and bases?

Answer 5

Acids- It has more hydrogens and a lower pH level, Proton donor, H+

Bases- It has less hydrogens and a higher pH level, Proton acceptor, OH-

Question 6

What does proton donor and proton acceptor mean?

Answer 6

Proton donor- Donates a H+ ion

Proton acceptor- Has an OH- and accepts the H+ ion

Question 7

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 7

It is when water is added and it destroys the bond

Question 8

What is it called when the bond between disaccharides is broken?

Answer 8

Hydrolysis

Question 9

What would be a scenario where water wouldn’t be able to do its functions chemically?

Answer 9

Low hemorrhage, dehydration, food poisoning

Question 10

What are the things that water helps with in the body? (4)

Answer 10

1. Hydrolysis
2. Surface tension
3. Body temperature
4. blood volume

Question 11

What is the blood pH level?

Answer 11

7.35-7.45