Fluency Concepts

Question 1

How is reading fluency measured?

Answer 1

By: accuracy, prosody, and speed

Question 2

What refers to reading accuracy?

Answer 2

Accuracy: ability to pronounce words correctly
Automaticity: ability to read words effortlessly

Question 3

What refers to reading prosody?

Answer 3

expression
emphasis
punctuation
tone

Question 4

What refers to reading speed?

Answer 4

pace
words read per minute (WPM)

Question 5

How do you teach accuracy?

Answer 5

Supervised oral reading: immediate feedback improves accuracy
Audio and video assisted reading: helps students follow along with correct pronunciation, improving accuracy
Partner and small group reading: peer interactions help students practice accurate word recognition in a supportive setting

Question 6

How do you teach prosody?

Answer 6

Teacher modeled reading: by emphasizing tone and expression
Reader’s theatre: encourages usage of expression and tone
Choral reading: provides opportunities to practice in a group setting

Question 7

How do you teach rate?

Answer 7

Rereading familiar text
Independent reading
Timed repeated reading

Question 8

How is reading fluency assessed?

Answer 8

Through oral timed reading:
Grade level text
Typically 60 seconds
Accuracy+Speed=incorrect number of words subtracted from correct number of words

Question 9

What are accuracy strategies for fluency development/ intervention for non automatic readers?

Answer 9

Word identification
Decoding instruction
Letter-sound correspondence
Sight-word instruction
Non-sense word practice

Question 10

What are prosody strategies for fluency development/ intervention for non automatic readers?

Answer 10

Listening to skilled readers model
Repeat readings
Group/shared readings
Say/read simple sentences with a specific emotion, then repeat

Question 11

What are speed strategies for fluency development/ intervention for non automatic readers?

Answer 11

Rereading a text
Use poems written for young readers

Question 12

What are accuracy strategies for fluency development/ intervention for automatic/fluent readers?

Answer 12

Preview difficult vocab together
Review tricky or irregular spelling patterns

Question 13

What are prosody strategies for fluency development/ intervention for automatic/fluent readers?

Answer 13

Phrase cued reading:adding slashes to the text to mark ends of phrases or natural pauses
Read short passages that have strong, clear emotion
Reader’s theatre

Question 14

What are speed strategies for fluency development/ intervention for automatic/fluent readers?

Answer 14

Timed readings:
60 seconds
Challenge to read further every time