Reading Development Concepts

Question 1

Literacy development includes:

Answer 1

Alphabetic knowledge
Alphabetic principle
Phonological awareness
Decoding
Reading and comprehension

Question 2

Emergent stage

Answer 2

Understanding that written language has meaning and sends messages
Able to recognize words in the environment and text
Able to write a few letters

Question 3

Early or beginning readers

Answer 3

Understand that reading from printed page needs to make sense, both fro pictures and print
Can usually identify most letters and know some sounds
Begin to decode
Know some words by sight
Can write a few words/beginning sounds

Question 4

Early fluent readers/fluent readers/proficient readers

Answer 4

Can apply phonics and word analysis skills
Read more easily, accurately, expressively
Recognize many words
Improving revising skills and using correct punctuation and spelling

Question 5

Independent reading level

Answer 5

Student reads with high accuracy, good fluency, and strong understanding, needing little or no help
Accuracy: 95% or higher
Comprehension: 90% or higher

Question 6

Instructional reading level

Answer 6

Student makes some errors but can read and comprehend the text successfully with teacher support
Accuracy: 90-94%
Comprehension: 75-89%

Question 7

Frustrational reading level

Answer 7

The text is too difficult; the student struggles with decoding and meaning despite support
Accuracy: 90%
Comprehension: Below 75%

Question 8

Dyslexia

Answer 8

Challenges: difficulty connecting sounds to letters, recognizing sight words, and coding unfamiliar words
Intervention and support: multi sensory approaches, explicit phonics instruction, audio books

Question 9

ADHD

Answer 9

Challenges: difficulty maintaining concentration, often leading to incomplete comprehension
Intervention and support: chunking reading assignments, using visual cues, incorporating interactive activities

Question 10

Intervention strategies for phonemic awareness

Answer 10

Explicit instruction, including mouth formations

Question 11

Intervention strategies for phonics

Answer 11

use systematic and explicit phonics instruction, incorporating visual aids and hands-on activities

Question 12

Intervention strategies for fluency

Answer 12

Break down the text
Use audiobooks
Provide opportunities for repeated reading

Question 13

Intervention strategies for vocabulary

Answer 13

Vocabulary building activities
Visual aids
Contextual word usage

Question 14

Intervention strategies for comprehension

Answer 14

Teach explicit comprehension strategies
Graphic organizers
Encourage discussion and questioning

Question 15

Universal screener

Answer 15

gathers data on all students to organize groups

Question 16

Diagnostic assessment/pre-assessment

Answer 16

identifies strengths and weaknesses

Question 17

Informal assessment

Answer 17

Happens throughout instruction
Flexible and can be adjusted

Question 18

Formal assessment

Answer 18

Happens both during and after an instructional unit
Established scoring guidelines

Question 19

Norm-referenced assessment

Answer 19

Compares performance to each other and ranks according to performance
Percentile
Grade level equivalency

Question 20

Criterion-referenced assessment

Answer 20

Compares performance to a predetermined standard
Percentages