Second year med > FoM2 > Flashcards

FoM2 Flashcards

(17 cards)

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1
Q

What is the most common cause of neonatal jaundice

A

unconjugated

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2
Q

What is the most dangerous cause of neonatal jaundice

A

unconjugated

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3
Q

What are examples of unconjugated causes of jaundice (4)

A

physiological
Breast milk jaundice
Inherited disorders
Haemolytic disease

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4
Q

What are examples of conjugated causes of jaundice (4)

A

liver disease
Infection
Inherited conditions
Drugs

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5
Q

How does physiological jaundice arise (2)

A

liver immaturity
Increased turnover of red blood cells leads to increased bilirubin

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6
Q

What is an example of an inherited disorder causing in unconjugated jaundice

A

Gilbert’s syndrome

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7
Q

How can HDN arise (3)

A

Rhesus factor incompatibility
ABO incompatibility
Minor blood group antigen incompatibility

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8
Q

What causes haemolysis in cases of Rhesus factor incompatibility

A

Anti-D antibodies cause haemolysis via the complement system
Presence of both D antigens and anti-D antibodies

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9
Q

What is a positive result for the Coombs test

A

agglutination

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10
Q

What type of reaction is rhesus factor incompatibility

A

IgG mediated type II hypersensitivity

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11
Q

Difference between direct Coombs testing and indirect Coombs testing

A

Direct detects antibodies/compliment proteins on the surface of red blood cells
Indirect detects antibodies in the serum

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12
Q

What methods are used to manage neonatal jaundice (3)

A

Phototherapy
IgG
Exchange transfusion

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13
Q

What is the first line treatment for neonatal jaundice

A

phototherapy

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14
Q

How does phototherapy work

A

light converts unconjugated bilirubin to isoforms which are water soluble and therefore can’t cross the blood-brain barrier

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15
Q

what type of jaundice is IgG used to treat

A

Haemolytic

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16
Q

How does exchange transfusion work

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A

cleans unconjugated blood out of the system

17
Q

What is HDN

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A

An immune mediated disease caused by the destruction of Red blood cells by antibodies produced by the mother

Second year med
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