FOR FINAL Module 4 Reproductive

Question 1

Accessory glands that produces seminal fluid

Answer 1

• seminal vesicle
• prostate
• bulbourethral gland

Question 2

Ducts that serve as passageway for sperm

Answer 2

• epididymus
• ductus deferens
• ejaculatory duct
• urethra

Question 3

Gonads product _____________-

Answer 3

gametes

Question 4

Function of seminiferous tubules

Answer 4

actually produce the sperm

Question 5

function of Leydig (interstitial) cells

Answer 5

• cells between seminiferous tubules

- produce testosterone

Question 6

Sertoli cells

Answer 6

• form blood-testis barrier
• secrete inhibin & androgen-binding agent
• cells within seminiferous tubules that “nurse” developing sperm cells

Question 7

Spermatozoa

Answer 7

• mature sperm
• found in lumen of seminiferous tubules
• have 23 chromosomes

Question 8

Spermatogonia

Answer 8

• earliest stage of sperm development
• has 46 chromosomes
• stem cells

Question 9

Primary spermatocytes

Answer 9

• pushed toward lumen as develop

- has 46 chromosomes

Question 10

Secondary spermatocytes

Answer 10

• has 23 chromosomes
• are formed from meiosis I
• pushed toward lumen as develop

Question 11

Spermatids

Answer 11

• has 23 chromosomes

- formed from meiosis II

Question 12

SperMIOgenesis

Answer 12

conversion of spermatids into spermatozoa

Question 13

SperMAtogenesis

Answer 13

entire process of sperm formation

Question 14

Male hormone
GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
1 -site of production
2 -effects

Answer 14

1 - Hypothalamus

2 - Incease production of LH & FSH in anterior pituitary

Question 15

Male hormone
LH (Luteinizing hormone)
1 -site of production
2 -effects

Answer 15

1 - Anterior Pituitary

2 - stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

Question 16

Male hormone
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
1 - site of production
2 - effects

Answer 16

1 - Anterior pituitary
2 - stimulates spermatogenesis
-stimulates Sertoli cells to care for spermatogenic cells

Question 17

Male hormone
Inhibin
1 - site of production
2 - effects

Answer 17

1 - Sertoli cells
2 - inhibit sperm production
- tells hypothalamus/anterior pituitary to stop FSH (via negative feedback)

Question 18

Male hormone
testosterone
1 - site of production
2 - effects

Answer 18

1 - Leydig (interstitial) cells
2
-On hypothalamus/ant. pituitary: suppress LH secretion
-On sertoli cells: stimulate final steps of spermatogenesis
-On other tissues/organs: stimulation os anabolism, secondary male sex characteristics, development of sexual function

Question 19

Urethra

Answer 19

• has urinary & reproductive function
• extends through penis
• unpaired

Question 20

Ductus deferens

Answer 20

• contained within the spermatic cord
• vasectomy site
• paired

Question 21

Ejaculatory duct

Answer 21

• formed from union of ductus deferens & duct from seminal vesicle
• passes through prostate
• paired

Question 22

Epididymus

Answer 22

• highly coild tube located in scrotum
• site of final sperm maturation
• paired

Question 23

Prostate gland

Answer 23

• enlarges with age

- secretes fluid containing nutrients for sperm

Question 24

Seminal vesicle

Answer 24

• secretes most of semen volume
• empty into the ejaculatory duct
• secretes fluid containing nutrients (fructose) for sperm
• secretes alkaline fluid
• paired

Question 25

Bulbourethral gland

Answer 25

- secretes mucus - empty into urethra - paired - secretes alkaline fluid

Question 26

Urethra passes through this and this forms the glans of the penis

Answer 26

Corpus spongiosum penis

Question 27

Follicle

Answer 27

- general name for cells surrounding oocyte | - produces estrogen

Question 28

Corpus albicans

Answer 28

-degenerate structure

Question 29

Oocyte

Answer 29

immature ovum

Question 30

Primary & secondary follicle

Answer 30

developing follicles

Question 31

Graafian follicle

Answer 31

mature follicle, contains a cavity

Question 32

Primoridial follicle

Answer 32

most immature follicle

Question 33

Corpus luteum

Answer 33

- transformed from a follicle after ovulation - produces estrogen - produces progesterone

Question 34

1 - Mitosis in of oocytes occurs when? | 2 - What is only present at this time?

Answer 34

1 - Fetal development (creates primary oocytes) | 2 - Oogonia

Question 35

(female) | Contains 23 chromosomes

Answer 35

- secondary oocyte - ovum - polar bodies

Question 36

Polar bodies

Answer 36

- degenerate cells produced during meiosis | - has 23 chromosomes

Question 37

Hymen

Answer 37

-fold of mucous membrane partially covering vaginal opening

Question 38

Clitoris

Answer 38

-erectile tissue

Question 39

uterine tubes | fallopian tubes

Answer 39

- have cilia | - fimbrae & peristaltic contractions promote transport of oocyte

Question 40

vulva

Answer 40

external genetalia of female

Question 41

Vestibule

Answer 41

space enclosed by labia

Question 42

Greater vestibular glands

Answer 42

produces secretions for lubrication

Question 43

Female hormone Estrogen 1-site of production 2-effects

Answer 43

1 - Ovarian follicles 2 -on ant. pituitary/hypothalamus: inhibit release of GnRH & secretion of LH & FSH. -on follicle cells; decrease secretion of FSH -on uterus: stimulate repair of endometrium -on other: lower blood cholesterol, secondary sex characteristics, protein anabolism, maintain reproductive structures

Question 44

Female hormone Progesterone 1-site of production 2-effects

Answer 44

1 - corpus luteum 2 - on ant. pituitary/hypothalamus: inhibit secretion of GnRH & LH -on uterus: relaxes uterus by inhibiting contractions

Question 45

4 phases of female reproductive cycle:

Answer 45

1 mestrual 2 preovulatory 3 ovulatory 4 postovulatory

Question 46

Menstrual phase 1- in ovaries 2 - in uterus

Answer 46

1. FSH - develop several primordial follicles into primary follicles then to secondary follicle 2. Menstrual flow - 50-150mL of blood and other stuff

Question 47

PreOvulatory phase 1- in ovaries 2 - in uterus

Answer 47

1 - secondary follicle starts secreting estrogens & inhibin - decreasing FSH 2 - repair endometrium (proliferative phase)

Question 48

Ovulatory phase

Answer 48

- rupture of follicle - releases secondary oocyte into pelvic cavity - stimulated by surge of LH

Question 49

``` Postovulatory phase (luteal) 1- in ovaries 2 - in uterus ```

Answer 49

1 - corpus luteum - releasing hormones (progesterone, relaxin, inhibin, estrogen) 2 - growth of endometrium (secretory phase)

Question 50

``` Corpus luteum (what happens to it) 1- if fertilization does NOT occur 2- if fertilization does occur ```

Answer 50

1-lives 2 weeks producing hormones then degenerates into corpus albicans causing a drop in hormones and menstruation to occur. 2 - lives past 2 weeks (by several months), is rescued by HcG that stimulates it to continue making hormones.

Question 51

Progesterone

Answer 51

- enhances blood supply and secretions in uterus - drop in levels cause menstruation - produced by corpus luteum - block production of LH & FSH - dominant during pregnancy

Question 52

GnRH (female)

Answer 52

- secreted in response to increase in estrogen | - stimulates LH & FSH secretion

Question 53

Estrogen

Answer 53

- produced by follicle - block production of FSH & LH - produced by corpus luteum - drop in level causes menstruation - dominant during pregnancy