Module 2 Respiratory System

Question 1

Where is CO2 produced

Answer 1

• As a by product when ATP is produced.

- Excessive CO2 produces acidity that is toxic to cells.

Question 2

6 Respiratory structures in order.

Answer 2

1-nose & oral cavity
2-pharynx
3-larynx
4-trachea
5-bronchi & bronchioles
6-alveolar ducts and alveoli

Question 3

Conducting Zone

Answer 3

• Conducts air to lungs
• From external nares to bronchioles
• filters, warms & moistens air

Question 4

Respiratory Zone

Answer 4

• Tissues within the lungs (ie alveoli)

- Where the gas exchange occurs

Question 5

Nasal cavity

Answer 5

• function as resonance chambers for sound
• has olfactory receptors
• nasal conchae (superior, middle, inferior)
• warms, filters, moistens incoming air
• produces mucous

Question 6

Nasal Conchae

Answer 6

-bony extension that increase surface area of nasal cavity

Question 7

3 divisions of the Pharynx

Answer 7

pharynx: connect nasal cavity to larynx, oral cavity to esophagus, holds tonsils.
1 - Nasopharynx: nasal cavity to soft palate
2 - Oropharynx: soft palate to hyoid bone
3 - laryngopharynx: hyoid bone into esophagus & larynx (food & respiratory)

Question 8

Larynx

Answer 8

• connect pharynx to trachea
• glottis is the opening
• epiglottis or vocal cords can close glottis
• made of thyroid cartilage
• voice box
• consists of vocal cords & many pieces of cartilage

Question 9

Glottis

Answer 9

-part of the larynx that is closed off during swallowing

Question 10

Epiglottis

Answer 10

-forms a lid over the glottis

Question 11

Cilia

Answer 11

-moves unwanted substances up & out of respiratory tract

Question 12

Nasal cavity:
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?

Answer 12

1-Air passage
2-psuedostratified ciliated columnar
3-no cartilage - bones
4-no smooth muscle

Question 13

Pharynx (throat):
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?

Answer 13

1-Air passage
2-psuedostratified ciliated columnar
3-no
4-no smooth muscle

Question 14

Trachea:
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?

Answer 14

1-Air passage
2-psuedostratified ciliated columnar
3-Yes - C ring shape
4-Yes

Question 15

Bronchii:
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?

Answer 15

1-Air passage
2-psuedostratified ciliated columnar
3-Yes - C ring shape
4-Yes

Question 16

Bronchioles:
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?

Answer 16

1-Air passage
2-simple cuboidal & other
3-No cartilage
4-Yes smooth muscle

Question 17

Alveoli:
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?

Answer 17

1-Gas exchange
2-Simple squamous
3-No cartilage
4-Yes smooth muscle

Question 18

Order respiratory tract from external to larynx. 7 ish

Answer 18

1-external nares
2-nasal cavity
3-internal nares
4-nasopharynx
5-oropharynx
6-epiglottis
7-larynx

Question 19

Order respiratory tract from larynx to alveoli.

Answer 19

1-larynx
2-trachea
3-primary bronchii
4-secondary bronchii
5-tertiary bronchii
6-bronchioles
7-alveoli

Question 20

Broad inferior end of lungs is the _____.

Answer 20

BASE

Question 21

Each lobe is divided into 10 of these supplied by a teritary bronchi

Answer 21

Bronchopulmonary segment

Question 22

Respiratory membrane has how many layers

Answer 22

4
1-type 1 & 2 alveolar cells
2 - epithelial basement membrane
3- capillary basement membrane
4-capillary endothelium

Question 23

Type I alveolar cells

Answer 23

• simple squamous
• more numberous
• continual lining of alveoli

Question 24

Type II alveolar cells

Answer 24

• Septal cells
• secrete surfactant
• contain microvilli

Question 25

Alveolar macrophages do what

Answer 25

remove fine dust and debris from alveoli

Question 26

Visceral pleura

Answer 26

attached to outer surface of lungs (surface of lungs)

Question 27

Pleural cavity

Answer 27

contains pleural fluid

Question 28

Pleural fluid

Answer 28

-decreases friction between parietal and visceral membranes

Question 29

Parietal pleura

Answer 29

(Lines cavity) Lines the thoracic wall & diaphram

Question 30

Surfactant

Answer 30

Phospholipid | lowers surface tension in alveolar fluid - reduces tendency of collapse

Question 31

Intrapleural pressure

Answer 31

pressure between two pleural layers in the pleural cavity

Question 32

Alveolar (Intrapulmonic) pressure

Answer 32

pressure inside the lungs

Question 33

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 33

pressure in the atmosphere around you

Question 34

When alveoli increase in size pressure____ | pulls air _____ of lungs

Answer 34

- decreases | - into

Question 35

When alveoli decrease in size pressure ____ pushes air ___ of lungs

Answer 35

- increases | - out

Question 36

Inhalation pressures 1- Intra-alveolar pressure is ______ than atmospheric pressure 2 - Intra-alveolar pressure _______.

Answer 36

1 - Less than atmospheric pressure | 2 - decreases

Question 37

Exhalation pressure 1- Intra-alveolar pressure is ______ than atmospheric pressure 2 - Intra-alveolar pressure _______.

Answer 37

1 - greater than atmospheric pressure | 2 - increases

Question 38

Forced exhalation uses which muscles

Answer 38

Abdominals and Internal intercostals

Question 39

Cell transport mechanism used for gas exchange

Answer 39

passive diffusion

Question 40

External respiration occurs where

Answer 40

Alveoli & pumonary capillaries

Question 41

Internal respiration occurs where

Answer 41

Systemic capillaries & tissue cells

Question 42

Is venous blood completely O2 depleted

Answer 42

NO - still carries about 75% O2

Question 43

Do we exhale O2

Answer 43

Yes in small amounts

Question 44

What is hemoglobin bound to oxygen called

Answer 44

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 45

What factors can lower hemoglobins affinity for oxygen (the ability to hold onto O2)

Answer 45

1. Acidity increase 2: Pco2 increase 3: Temperature increase

Question 46

How is carbon dioxide mainly dissolved

Answer 46

in the form of bicarbonate ions (70%)

Question 47

What is hemoglobin bound to carbon called

Answer 47

carbaminohemoglobin | -carbon binds to the heme group

Question 48

What are the respiratory control centers

Answer 48

Medulla oblongata and pons

Question 49

Adding CO2 into body fluid _____ acidity, thus ______ pH

Answer 49

- increases | - decreases

Question 50

Venous blood has a ______pH than arterial blood

Answer 50

lower