Fracture management

Question 1

ATLS

Answer 1

Advanced training life support
ABCDE

Airway
Breathing 
Circulation
Disability
Exposure

Question 2

Airway management

Answer 2

Ensuring it is patent
- Cervical spine control

Give oxygen

Question 3

Immediately life threatening airway and breathing problems: ATOM FC

Answer 3

Airway obstruction

Tension pneumothorax

Open pneumothorax

Massive haemothorax

Flial chest

Cardiac tamponade

Question 4

Physiology of shock

Answer 4

Tachycardiac

Low BP (later stage)

Altered consciousness

Decreased urine output
- Very specific

Decreased pulse pressure

Question 5

Major areas we bleed from quickly

Answer 5

Pelvic

Abdomen

Chest/ Thorax

Neck

Question 6

Compartment syndrome

Answer 6

Increased pressure in compartment of the body.
- Causes compression of affected structures i.e nerves, vessels

Arterial compression= ischaemia
Venous compression= oedema

Treated with fasciotomy

Question 7

Description of fracture

Answer 7

1. Bone affected
2. Location of the bone:
   - Intra-articular
   - Epiphysis
   - Physis
   - Metaphysis
   - Diaphysis
3. Type of bone
4. If the bone has moved
5. How many parts in fracture

Question 8

Fracture pattern description

Answer 8

Simple (into 2 parts)

• Transverse
• Oblique
• Spiral

Comminuted= more than 2 parts

Displacement

Question 9

Basis of fracture correction

• Factors corrected
• Stabilisers

Answer 9

Factors corrected:
Length
Alignment
Rotation

Stabilisers:

• Sling
• POP (plaster)
• Wires
• Nails (intramedullary) or plates (extramedullary)

Question 10

Skin graft

Answer 10

Transplantation of skin that does not have its own blood supply.
- Contains the epidermis and part of the dermis

Indications:

• Extensive wounding or trauma
• Burns
• Areas of extensive skin loss due to infection such as necrotizing fasciitis
• Removal of skin cancers

Question 11

Free flap

Answer 11

Transplantation of tissue from one site to another.

- Contains its own blood supply that is re-established through anastomosis