Humeral head + glenoid fossa. Movements: - Add/Abduction - Flex/Extension - Med/Lateral rotation - Cirumduction. Very unstable joint - Due to large humeral head on shallow glenoid fossa.

Shoulder Flashcards by aderonke adesanoye

Glenohumeral joint

Humeral head + glenoid fossa.

Movements:

Add/Abduction
Flex/Extension
Med/Lateral rotation
Cirumduction.

Very unstable joint
- Due to large humeral head on shallow glenoid fossa.

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Acromioclavicular joint

Acromion articulates with clavicle in a planar joint

Stabilised by acromioclavicular ligament

Common dislocated in collision sports (ice hockey, rugby, judo, American football)

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Ligaments of the shoulder

Overall
- Stabilise and support the shoulder region.

Acromioclavicular
Coracoacromial Forms coracoacromial arch to support head of humerus + prevent superior dislocation.
Coracoclavicular Major stabilizing ligament, has two parts sitting right angle to each other.
Glenohumeral Superior, middle inferior.

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Features that stabilise the glenohumeral joint

Coracoacromial arch
- Prevents superior dislocation

Deepening of the glenoid fossa by the labrum.

Rotator cuff muscle tendons

Long heads of the biceps and triceps

Glenohumeral ligaments
- Supports the anterior joint

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Muscles that rotate the scapula in adduction

Rhomboids

Levator scapulae

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Muscles that rotate the scapula in abduction

Upper and lower deltoid fibres

Serratus anterior

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Most common shoulder dislocation

Anterior dislocation
- Humeral head descends inferior and is pulled anterior to joint.

Occurs to no rotator cuff tendon supporting it inferiorly.

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Deltoid

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

Origin

Lateral clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

Insertion
- Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Innervation
- Axillary nerve (Posterior cord, C5-6)

Action
- All fibres= abduction from 10-15 degrees

Posterior fibres= Extension at shoulder and lateral rotation
Anterior fibres= medial rotation, flexion at shoulder

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Muscles involved in adducting the arm [4]

Rotation of scapula

Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

Latissimus dorsi

Pectoris major

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Muscles involved in abducting the arm [4]

Rotation of scapula

Upper and lower fibres of trapezius
Serratus anterior

Deltoid- past 15 degrees

Supraspinatus

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Biceps

Origin [2]
Insertion
Innervation
Action

Origin
- Long head= supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Passes through joint capsule, under transverse humeral ligament- continues along biciptal groove
- Short head= Coracoid process

Insertion
- Radial tuberosity

Innervation
- Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7, lateral cord)

Action

Flexion of arm at shoulder
Flexion of forearm at elbow

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Muscles that flex arm at the shoulder [4]

Biceps

Coracobrachialis

Anterior deltoid fibres

Pectoralis major

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Coracobrachialis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

Origin
- Coracoid process

Insertion
- Humeral shaft (anteromedial surface)

Innervation
- Musculocutaneous nerve

Action
- Flexion of arm shoulder

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Muscles that extend the arm (at the shoulder)

Triceps

Posterior deltoid fibres

Latissimus dorsi

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Triceps

Origin [3]
Insertion
Innervation
Action

Origins
- Long head= Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Medial head= Below radial groove
Lateral head= Above radial groove

Insertion
-Olecranon of ulna.

Innervation
- Radial and axillary nerve

Action

Long head= extension of arm at shoulder
Medial and lateral head= extension of forearm at elbow

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Supraspinatus

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

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Rotator cuff muscle

Most commonly torn due to limitted space under coracoacromial arch.
Initiates abduction
Stabilises glenohumeral joint superiorly

Origin
- Supraspinous fossa
Tendon passes under subacromial bursa, under coracoacromial arch.

Attachment
- Greater tubercle of humerus, above infraspinatus

Innervation
- Suprascapular nerve (C5-6)

Infraspinatus

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

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Rotator cuff muscle

Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder
Stabilises shoulder joint posteriorly.

Origin
- Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Attachment
- Greater tubercle of humerus, below supraspinatus, above teres minor.

Innervation
- Suprascapular nerve (C5-6)

Teres minor

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

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Rotator cuff muscle

Lateral rotation
Stabilises shoulder joint posteriorly.

Origin
- Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Attachment
- Greater tubercle of humerus, below Infraspinatus.

Innervation
- Axillary nerve (C5-6)

Subscapularis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

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Rotator cuff muscle

Stabilises shoulder anteriorly
Medial rotation at shoulder.

Origin
- Subscapular fossa of scapula

Attachment
- Lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation
- Upper and lower Subscapular nerve (C5-6)

Teres major

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

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Origin
- Posterior aspect of Inferior angle of scapula

Attachment
- Medial lip of bicipital groove (of humerus)
Innervation
- Lower Subscapular nerve (C5-6)

Action

Medial rotation
Stabilises humerus during abduction in eccentric contraction

Scapular anastomosis

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Branches of the subclavian and axillary arteries
- Provides continuous blood supply to shoulder muscles during movement.

SCA

Dorsal scapular
Thyrocervical–> Suprascapular

Axillary
- Subscapular

Suprascapular nerve

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(C5-6)
-Superior trunk

Supplies supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Axillary nerve

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(C5-6, posterior cord)

Deltoid
Teres minor

Badge area of arm (sensation)

Radial nerve

- Motor

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(C5-T1, posterior cord)

- Triceps brachii

Posterior cord branches innervations [3]

Supplies - Subscapularis - Teres major- (Upper and lower subscapular nerves) - Latissimus dorsi. (Thoracodorsal nerve)

Quadrangular space

Space in axillary Borders - Humerus, laterally - Tricep long head, medially - Teres minor, superiorly (over tricep) - Teres major, inferiorly (under triceps) Structures that traverses the space - Axillary nerve - Posterior circumflex humeral artery Clinical significance-->Fracture to surgical neck of humerus - Damage of axillary nerve= weakness/ paralysis of detloid/ teres minor, loss of sensation in badge area of arm. - Laceration of post. cirumflex humeral artery.

Shoulder Flashcards

(26 cards)