Gait

Question 1

Initial Contact

Answer 1

Beginning of the stance phase that occurs when the foot touches the ground

Question 2

Loading Response

Answer 2

The amount of time between initial contact and the beginning of the swing phase for the other leg

Question 3

Midstance

Answer 3

The point in stance phase when the other foot is off the floor until the body is directly over the stance limb

Question 4

Terminal stance

Answer 4

Begins when the heel of the stance limb rises and ends when the other foot touches the ground

Question 5

Pre-Swing

Answer 5

Begins when the other foot touches the ground and ends when the stance foot reaches toe off

Question 6

Initial swing

Answer 6

Begins when the stance foot lifts from the floor and ends with maximal knee flexion

Question 7

Mid swing

Answer 7

Begins with maximal knee flexion during swing and ends when the tibia is perpendicular with the ground

Question 8

Terminal swing

Answer 8

Begins when the tibia is perpendicular to the floor and ends when the foot touches the ground

Question 9

ROM requirement of Hip Flexion for Normal Gait:

Answer 9

0-30*

(What joint requires this ROM for Normal Gait?)

Question 10

ROM requirement of Hip Extension for Normal Gait:

Answer 10

0-10*

(What joint requires this ROM for Normal Gait?)

Question 11

ROM requirement of Knee Flexion for Normal Gait:

Answer 11

0-60*

(What joint requires this ROM for Normal Gait?)

Question 12

ROM requirement of Knee Extension for Normal Gait:

Answer 12

0*

(What joint requires this ROM for Normal Gait?)

Question 13

ROM requirement of Ankle Dorsiflexion for Normal Gait:

Answer 13

0-10*

(What joint requires this ROM for Normal Gait?)

Question 14

ROM requirement of Ankle Plantarflexion for Normal Gait:

Answer 14

0-20*

(What joint requires this ROM for Normal Gait?)

Question 15

Base of Support

(Definition + Average)

Answer 15

The distance measured between the left and right foot during progression of gait. Distance decreases as cadence increases.

Average = 2-4 inches

Question 16

Cadence

(Definition + Average)

Answer 16

Number of steps an individual will walk over a period of time

Average = 110-120 steps/minute

Question 17

Degree of Toe-Out

(Definition + Average)

Answer 17

The angle fired by each foot’s Lin of progression and a line intersecting the center of the heel and second toe

Average = 7*

Question 18

Double Support Phase

Answer 18

Two times during a gait cycle where both feet are on the ground. Time in phase increases as the speed of gait decreases. Does not exist with running.

Question 19

Gait Cycle

Answer 19

The sequence of motions that occurs from initial contact of the heel to the next consecutive initial contact of the same heel.

Question 20

Pelvic Rotation

(Definition + Average)

Answer 20

Occurring opposite to the thorax in order to maintain balance and regulate speed

Average = Total of 8* (4* forward with swing leg, 4* backwards with stance leg)

Question 21

Single Support Phase

Answer 21

Occurring only when one foot is on the ground, occurring twice during a single gait cycle.

Question 22

Step Length

(Definition + Average)

Answer 22

Distance measured between right heel strike and left heel strike.

Average = 28 inches

Question 23

Stride Length

(Definition + Average)

Answer 23

Distance measured between right heel strike and the following right heel strike

Average = 56 inches

Question 24

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Antalgic

Answer 24

Protective pattern where stance time is decreased to avoid weight bearing on involved side due to pain. Typically associated with rapid and shorter swing phase of the uninvolved limb.

(What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 25

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Ataxic

Answer 25

Characterized by staggering and unsteadiness, usually a wide BOS and movements are exaggerated. (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 26

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Cerebellar

Answer 26

Staggering gait pattern seen in Cerebellar disease. (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 27

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Circumduction

Answer 27

Characterized by a circular motion to advance the leg during swing phase; may be used to compensate for insufficient hip or knee flexion or dorsiflexion. (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 28

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Double Step

Answer 28

Alternate steps are of a different length or at a different rate (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 29

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Equine

Answer 29

Characterized by high steps; usually involves excessive activity of the gastrocnemius (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 30

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Festinating

Answer 30

Characterized by walking on toes as though pushed; starts slowly, increases and may continue until patient grasps an object in order to stop. (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 31

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Hemiplegic

Answer 31

Characterized by abduction of the paralyzed limb, swing it around and bring it forward so that the foot comes to the ground in front of them. (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 32

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Parkinsonian

Answer 32

Characterized by increased forward flexion of the trunk and knees; gait is shuffling with quick and small steps, festinating may occur. (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 33

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Scissor

Answer 33

Characterized by legs crossing midline upon advancement (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 34

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Steppage

Answer 34

Characterized by feet and toes lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights; usually secondary to dorsiflexion weakness. The foot will slap at initial contact secondary to decreased control. (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 35

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Tabetic

Answer 35

High stepping ataxic gait pattern in which the feet slap the ground (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 36

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Trendelenburg

Answer 36

Characterized by lateral trunk flexion and weight shifting over the stance leg; denotes gluteus medius weakness (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)

Question 37

Abnormal Gait Pattern: Vaulting

Answer 37

Characterized by the swing leg advancing by compensating through a combination of elevation of the pelvis and plantar flexion of the stance leg. (What Abnormal Gait Pattern?)