Gall bladder

Question 1

what does the gall bladder do

Answer 1

produces & stores bile

Question 2

why do we need bile

Answer 2

to emulsify fats

Question 3

what are problems that happen to the gall bladder?

Answer 3

-infection, inflammation, stones & tumors

Question 4

what are most of the problems with the gall baldder

Answer 4

cholecystitis (inflm)

cholelithaisis (stones-gallstones)

Question 5

what is cholelithiasis (gall stones caused by)

Answer 5

cholelithiasis can be caused by obstruction & bile stasis or when bile composition changed ex increase in cholesterol which will alter composition causing precipitation

Question 6

precipitation of bile content causes _____

Answer 6

stones

Question 7

what is the etiology of cholelithiasis

Answer 7

• abnormal bile composition
• bile stasis causing precipitation
• inflm debirs– nuclei for stone formation
• genetics? (has to be some other component, said some may be predisposed)

Question 8

what are the types of gallstones?

Answer 8

• cholesterol stones (80%): change in bile & increase in cholesterol
• pigment stones (20%): bilirubin & ca salts
• mixed stones

Question 9

what are the most common type of gall stones (80%)

Answer 9

cholesterol stones from a change in bile composition and an increase in cholesterol

Question 10

mnfts of stones only become are problem when__________

Answer 10

they begin to move

Question 11

mnfts of gallstones

Answer 11

-asymptomatic initally
-if obstruction: Colic (intermittent: when stone stops moving no pain, when stone starts moving again pain, radiating very serious pain)
nausea and vomiting (systemic mnfts d/t severe pain)

Question 12

diagnosing gall stones

Answer 12

• history, physical exam

- ultrasound, scans–can also do nuclear imaging

Question 13

treatment

Answer 13

• if in gallbladder leave alone until it moves out & causes obstruction somewhere
• pain–need to address heavy–morphine & opiods
• dissolving agents – developed from bile acid ex. actigall
• surgery to remove stones: netrograde endoscopy –insert endoscope through mouth–insert until duct into duedeoum use wire to remove

Question 14

what are some complications from gallstones

Answer 14

cholecystitis, pancreatitis, perforation