STDS

Question 1

STDS can be passed

Answer 1

genitalia, placenta, mouth, rectum, skin

Question 2

genital herpes is caused by what virus

Answer 2

herpes simplex virus type 2

Question 3

genital herpes general overview

Answer 3

• herpes simplex virus type 2
• neurotropic microbe (host cell of virus is neuron can become latent in neuron then reoccur) -Infect neurons
• systemic recurrent
• spread via contact with lesions or secretions (to pcik up has to make physical contact, based on contact with microbe, shedding lesions, shedding microbe from lesion)
• 2-10 day incubation
• manifestations 3-7 days post contact
• burning, painful vesicles at site (lesions in form of vesicles)
• recurrence is major problem (can be asymptomatic, pt harbours virus & may transfer unknowingly)
• antiviral control for treatment: ex. acyclovir (controls proliferation of virus) or relenza
• also symptomatic treatment

Question 4

incubation period of genital herpes

Answer 4

2-10 days incubation

Question 5

treatment of genital herpes

Answer 5

• antiviral control for treatment: ex. acyclovir (controls proliferation of virus) or relenza
• also symptomatic treatment

Question 6

Genital warts overview

Answer 6

• HPV (human papilloma virus) (strains 6&11)
• benign, multiple growths (cells proliferating abnormally) (like head of cauliflower, lesion short stalk with irregular head) ]
• spread by skin to skin contact
• genital or anorectal
• 1.5-8 months incubation
• most asymptotic & transient (could remain asymptomatic)

Question 7

what is the virus that causes genital warts?

Answer 7

-HPV(human papilloma virus) (Strains 6 & 11)

Question 8

treatment of genital warts

Answer 8

• remove warts:
  - topical drugs, surgery, cryrotherapy (topical antimitotic-inhibits mitosis divison, cytotoxic- toxic to cells kills cells)
• monitor for CA (type 16&18) if pt has genital warts @ higher risk for cervical cancer

Question 9

what is the microbe that causes syphilis?

Answer 9

Treponema pallidumn (BACTERIA) (is a spirochete, spiro is spiral chete is a microbe that is worm like)

Question 10

syphilis general overview

Answer 10

• if don’t eradicate potentially life complicating
• treponema pallidum microbe that causes
• spread via shedding lesions
• also spread placental (greater than 16 wks, after 16 wks mother able to pass on)
• microbe division & distributes systematically
• complications: blindness, paralysis, heart disease

Question 11

what are the complications that may happen with syphilis if untreated

Answer 11

-blindness, paralysis, heart disease

Question 12

how many stages is there for syphilis

Answer 12

Primary stage(can eradicate primary stage with antibiotics):

• painless chancre:
  - at contact sites(usually in genital region)
  - heals in 3-12 wks
• regional lymphadenopathy (move to inguinal lymph nodes, pathology in lymph nodes, presentation swollen lymph nodes)

Secondary stage ( can last up to 6 months):

• 6-8wk post infection
• maculopapular rash on palms & soles (spotty pimple like rash)
• patches on mucous membranes (whitish patch on mucus membrane)
• flat papules (pimples)
• generalized lymphadenopathy (affects other lymph nodes, bacteria spreading through lymphatic system)
• Fever, malaise
• Latent period (becomes sub clinical, not infective during latency)
• CAN STILL ERADICATE BACTERIUM @ STAGE 2

tertiary stage:

• 1-35 yrs after untreated primary infection
• irreversible damage to bone, joint, CVS, NS

Question 13

what is the lesion called in syphilis that first appears?

Answer 13

chancre

Question 14

Primary stage of syphilis

Answer 14

Primary stage(can eradicate primary stage with antibiotics):

• painless chancre:
  - at contact sites(usually in genital region)
  - heals in 3-12 wks
• regional lymphadenopathy (move to inguinal lymph nodes, pathology in lymph nodes, presentation swollen lymph nodes)

Question 15

Secondary stage of syphilis

Answer 15

Secondary stage ( can last up to 6 months):

• 6-8wk post infection
• maculopapular rash on palms & soles (spotty pimple like rash)
• patches on mucous membranes (whitish patch on mucus membrane)
• flat papules (pimples)
• generalized lymphadenopathy (affects other lymph nodes, bacteria spreading through lymphatic system)
• Fever, malaise
• Latent period (becomes sub clinical, not infective during latency)
• CAN STILL ERADICATE BACTERIUM @ STAGE 2

Question 16

tertiary stage of syphilis

Answer 16

• 1-35 yrs after untreated primary infection

- irreversible damage to bone, joint, CVS, NS

Question 17

Treatment of syphilis

Answer 17

-long acting penicillin (use long acting because of generation time of bacteria is much longer, Ecoli generation time is 20 minutes, Time taken by microbe that causes syphilis to doubles its number is about 30hr)

Question 18

Chlamydial infection overview

Answer 18

• Chlamydia trachomatis (bacteria)(much smaller than bacteria in general, gram negative, difficult to isolate):
  - extracellular bacteria (tends to mimic viruses, obligate intracellular bacterium requires host cell - has to present within another cell )
• most prevalent STI
• 7-21 days incubation
• asymptomatic in approx 50-75%

Question 19

what is the microbe that causes chlamydial infection?

Answer 19

• Chlamydia trachomatis (bacteria) (much smaller than bacteria in general, gram negative, difficult to isolate):
  - extracellular bacteria (tends to mimic viruses, obligate intracellular bacterium requires host cell - has to present within another cell )

Question 20

what is the incubation period of chlamydia?

Answer 20

7-21 days incubation period

Question 21

what is the most prevalent STI?

Answer 21

Chlamydia

Question 22

Female manifestations of chlamydia

Answer 22

• mucopurulent vaginal discharge (bacterial infection, purulent discharge, purulent & mucus from cervix)
• dysuria (pain on urination) (inflm of urethra)
• bleeding (inflm damage to blood vessels, abnormal bleeding outside menses)
• pelvic pain (PID) -serious complication

Question 23

Male manifestations of chlamydia

Answer 23

• urethritis & discharge (urethral discharge)
• Dysuria (form inflm) may have hematuria(blood in urine)
• prostatitis & epididymitis (inflm of prostate & epididymis(accessory structures to testes) (may have testicular pain)

Question 24

Treatment of Chlamydial infection

Answer 24

-doxycycline or Azithromycin (antibiotics)

Question 25

what is the microbe that causes gonorrhea?

Answer 25

-Nesseria gonorrhoeae (bacteria)

Question 26

what is the incubation period of gonorrhea?

Answer 26

3-8 days

Question 27

Female manifestations of gonorrhea?

Answer 27

- purulent (same thing as mucopurulent) vaginal discharge | - dysuria, genital irritation, late pelvic pain (PID)

Question 28

Male manifestations of gonorrhea?

Answer 28

- urethral discharge | - can become chronic (accessory glands can be affected (prostatitis & epididymitis))

Question 29

systemic manifestations of males and females with gonorrhea?

Answer 29

- bacteremia - Pharyngeal infection conjunctivitis - arthritis (infective arthritis) - dermatitis syndrome- affects joints & skin (syndrome = a collection of mnfts)

Question 30

what is the treatment of gonorrhea?

Answer 30

``` 1st line: cephalosporins (becoming resistant) 2nd line: increase dose of cephalosprins & another class of antibiotics ```