Osteoprosis

Question 1

what is osteoporosis?

Answer 1

• loss of bone mass

- bone becomes porus & fragile at great risk for fractures

Question 2

when are you at Peak Bone Mass?

Answer 2

age 30

Question 3

what is the etiology of osteoporosis?

Answer 3

complex (because it involves various components):
-genetic predisposition? (PBM) -ageing (as you age you loose bone mass)
-women menopause(withdrawl of estrogen- estrogen is protective of bone facilitates bone remodelling)
CAN ALL CONTRIBUTE, COLLECTIVELY OR INDEPENDENTLY

Question 4

what are the 2 major risks for osteoporosis?

Answer 4

• individual has low peak bone mass (PBM)

- post menopause (loose estrogen- estrogen supports bone)

Question 5

what are the 2 type of osteocytes

Answer 5

osteoblasts: formative cells
osteoclasts: break down cells

Question 6

how does loss of estrogen affect bone

Answer 6

in bone remodeling balance of these cells, estrogen inhibits the activity of osteoclasts, when loose estrogen osteclasts no longer inhibits, Osteclasts cells that break down bone

Question 7

what is the patho of osteoporosis

Answer 7

-imbalance between formation & resorption
-bone loss (cumulative) bone that is lost does not get replaced
-microdamage sets in (loosing matrix & others)
-changes in diaphysis & metaphysis
excessive bone loss after menopause (ovaries stop producing estrogen, estrogen is “protective”

Question 8

mnfts of osteoporosis

Answer 8

• usually silent until fracture (acute, severe pain-FROM FRACTURE)
• damage to vertebrae (changes to posture & stature)
• distorted spine (leads to breathing problems(impaired respiration) being hunched over compresses lungs and makes breathing difficult)
• mandible (teeth & dentures) (teeth sockets become loose leads to difficulty eating, affects nutrition)
• generalized weakness & musculoskeletal pain, because skeleton is not strong enough to support weight

Question 9

how do you diagnose osteoporosis

Answer 9

• routine X-ray (not useful in early stages, only detects once bone has broke & disease has advanced)
• Bone density scan (key test)

Question 10

the Bone density scan for diagnosing osteoporosis and how it works

Answer 10

shine light & look at other side of bone to see how much light is present (if solid bone the bone will absorb light it wont be seen on other side)

• apply photons of light to bone
• measure absorption
• lumbar spine (measures spongy bone)
• radius (measures compact bone)
• neck of femur (measures both spongy & compact bone)
• results come through as a T-value (T -1 to -2.5 the lower the number the more porus the bone, the higher the better the bone is)

Question 11

treatment of osteoporosis

Answer 11

• prevention & early detection (most prevention early in life to increase PBM- do this by nutrition well balanced diet & weight bearing exercises)
• adequate calcium (mineral content in bone) & vitamin D (help grow strong bone)
• weight bearing activity (enhances bone remodeling, ex. brisk walking, jogging, gardening)
• anti-resorptive agents (osteclasts) prevents resorption inhibits clasts ex. estrogen
• anabolic agnets (osteoblasts) enhance blast formation , but wont help once osteoporosis is set in
• prevent fractures (if occur will only have partial healing)
• pain & disability (difficulty walking & using skeleton)