Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Genetic engineering/modification

Answer 1

Modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to result in desired characteristics

Question 2

Restriction Enzymes

Answer 2

Recognise specific sequences of DNA and cut the DNA at these specific points

Question 3

Ligase

Answer 3

Enzyme used to join two pieces of DNA together

Question 4

Recombinant DNA

Answer 4

2 different bits of DNA stuck together

Question 5

Vector

Answer 5

A carrier that is used to transfer DNA into a cell

Question 6

Two types of vectors

Answer 6

Plasmids
Viruses

Question 7

Plasmids

Answer 7

Small circular molecules of DNA that can be transferred between bacteria

Question 8

Viruses

Answer 8

Insert DNA into the organism they infect

Question 9

Transgenic

Answer 9

the transfer of genetic material from one
species to a different species

Question 10

Process of Genetic Engineering

Answer 10

1. Human gene is cut out using a restriction enzyme
2. Plasmid from bacterium is cut using same restriction enzyme
3. Human gene inserted into plasmid (vector DNA) using ligase enzymes
4. Forms recombinant DNA
5. Inserted into other organism e.g. bacterium and grown in a fermentor