Genetics

Question 1

Chromosomes are the “______ ______”

Answer 1

genetic storehouse

Question 2

How many chromosome are in the dog? How many pairs?

Answer 2

78; 38 pairs + 1 sex pair

Question 3

How many chromosome are in the cat? How many pairs?

Answer 3

38; 18 pairs + 1 sex pair

Question 4

Autosome carry what kind of traits?

Answer 4

physical traits

Question 5

Genes are the “____ ___ _______”

Answer 5

set of instructions

Question 6

What are the basic units of inheriteance?

Answer 6

genes

Question 7

What are alleles?

Answer 7

variations of a gene or alternate way of influencing a particular gene

Question 8

The mother and father give how many alleles per locus?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

What is an example of a gene vs allele?

Answer 9

Gene: eye color
Color: Blue or brown

Question 9

What is a locus?

Answer 9

specific locations of where genes are tied together in a strand of DNA

Question 10

Each locus has how many alleles forming a gene?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

What is the genotype?

Answer 11

combination of alleles

Question 12

What are the 3 combinations in a genotype?

Answer 12

1. homozygous dominant
2. heterozygous
3. homozygous recessive

Question 13

What is the phenotype?

Answer 13

physical expression of the genotype in combination with environmental factors

Question 14

What is an example of phenotypes?

Answer 14

coat color

Question 15

What are sex linked traits?

Answer 15

genes located on one of the two sex chromosomes

Question 16

What are some examples of sex limited traits?

Answer 16

lactation (females) and beard growth (male)

Question 17

What is complete dominance (3 things)?

Answer 17

dominant/recessive - A/a
Dominant overrules the recessive
3 genotypes, 2 phenotypes

Question 17

What are sex limited traits?

Answer 17

not on the sex chromosomes, only expressed in one sex

Question 18

Sex limited traits are influenced by?

Answer 18

autosomes

Question 19

What are some examples of sex linked traits?

Answer 19

colorblindness, sickle cell anemia

Question 20

Most traits will be present on which sex chromosome? Why?

Answer 20

X chromosome; Y chromosome is small and fewer genes can be on them

Question 21

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 21

3 genotypes and 3 phenotypes

Question 21

What is epistasis?

Answer 21

interaction of genes at different loci

Question 22

What is a modifier gene? What does it do specifcally?

Answer 22

alters the phenotypic expression of another gene; one hides/masks the other

Question 23

What is an additive gene? Does it have the ability to dominate?

Answer 23

work together to express the phenotype; no

Question 24

What 2 loci are involved with epistasis?

Answer 24

B and E

Question 24

Which gene controls coat color?

Answer 24

MCIR

Question 24

Brown coat colors have which genotypes?

Answer 24

bb

Question 24

What does the B locus do?

Answer 24

allows synthesis of black or brown pigment

Question 24

What does the E locus do?

Answer 24

control if the pigment will deposit in the fur

Question 24

Black coat colors have which genotypes?

Answer 24

BB and Bb

Question 24

What gene determines coat length?

Answer 24

FGF5

Question 24

What does the C locus do?

Answer 24

variation shades of light pigments colors from red to light golden

Question 24

What is an example of an additive gene for coat color?

Answer 24

spotting

Question 24

What gene controls coat texture?

Answer 24

RSPO2

Question 25

What gene determines coat curl?

Answer 25

KRT71

Question 26

What is the dominant coat length?

Answer 26

short

Question 26

What is the dominant coat texture?

Answer 26

wiry

Question 26

What is the dominant coat curl?

Answer 26

curly

Question 27

What is a furnishing coat?

Answer 27

longer mustache and eyebrow hair

Question 28

Which dog breed has all the dominant coat types?

Answer 28

Bichon Frise

Question 29

What 2 genes cause hairlessness in dogs?

Answer 29

SGK3 and FOXI3

Question 29

What dog breed has 2 copies of the SGK3 gene?

Answer 29

american hairless terrier

Question 30

What dog breed has 1 copy of the FOXI3 gene?

Answer 30

mexican hairless

Question 31

What does "powderpuff" mean when it relates to hairlessness?

Answer 31

hair and hairless

Question 32

2 copies of what hairlessness gene will cause pre-natal death?

Answer 32

FOXI3

Question 33

How many copies of the MC5R gene will have the reduced tendency to shed?

Answer 33

2 copies

Question 34

Which gene controls reduced shedding?

Answer 34

MC5R

Question 35

What are some dog breeds that have the MC5R gene and have reduced shedding?

Answer 35

great dane, italian greyhound, weimaraner, vizlsa

Question 36

What are the 3 instinct genes?

Answer 36

1. herding 2. eye 3. crouch

Question 37

Dogs will have a strong instinct under which genotype?

Answer 37

homozygous dominant

Question 38

Dogs will have a medium instinct under which genotype?

Answer 38

heterzygous

Question 39

Dogs will have no instinct under which genotype?

Answer 39

homozygous recessive

Question 40

In what year was the first health gene recorded?

Answer 40

1989

Question 41

What was the first health gene recorded? What is it?

Answer 41

hemophilia B; blood will take longer to clot causing lots of bleeding

Question 42

Hemophilia B is a sex-______ gene.

Answer 42

linked

Question 43

In 2021, there were how many new genetic traits documented?

Answer 43

22

Question 44

What were some of the traits documented in 2021?

Answer 44

muscular dystrophy, dyskinesia, hyperlipidemia, dwarfism, deafness

Question 45

What dog breeds does the multidrug resistence 1 gene affect?

Answer 45

collies, aussies, and mini aussies

Question 45

What does the multidrug resistence 1 (MDR1) gene do?

Answer 45

dog experiences neurotoxicity following drug administration

Question 46

What are some common drugs that interfere with the MDR1 gene?

Answer 46

ivermectin, chemotherapy, immunosuppressants

Question 47

What dog breeds does primary lens luxation affect?

Answer 47

terriers and toys

Question 48

What dog breeds are affected by Exercise induced collapse?

Answer 48

herding breeds and retrievers

Question 49

What is primary lens luxation?

Answer 49

eye lense doesn't hold like it should

Question 50

What dog breeds are affected by collie eye anomaly?

Answer 50

herding breeds, mostly collies, also aussies and shelties

Question 51

What gene locus is the wild-type coat pattern in cats?

Answer 51

A, agouti

Question 51

The recessive a loci will or will not produce an agouti pattern?

Answer 51

will not

Question 51

What dog breeds are affected by von willebrand disease?

Answer 51

dobermans

Question 52

Describe the agouti pattern.

Answer 52

black pigment tipping over yellow/orange background

Question 53

No agouti pattern results in what coat color?

Answer 53

black

Question 54

The O locus controls which color?

Answer 54

orange

Question 55

Describe the tabby coat pattern.

Answer 55

dark stripes superimposed over agouti coloring

Question 56

What 2 genotypes show a tabby pattern?

Answer 56

AA or Aa

Question 57

The Mc locus is what kind of tabby? What does it override?

Answer 57

Mackeral tabby, override agouti

Question 58

The T locus is what kind of tabby? What does it override?

Answer 58

Tickled, overrides Mc

Question 59

The T locus reduces what? Give an example of a cat breed.

Answer 59

reduces stripping, abyssinian

Question 60

What locus is the modifier of tabby?

Answer 60

Sp locus (spotted)

Question 61

What does the Sp locus do?

Answer 61

breaks up the mackeral or classic pattern into elongated or rounder spots

Question 62

Are all cats tabby?

Answer 62

YES

Question 63

White spotting comes from which locus?

Answer 63

S locus (piebald gene)

Question 64

The S locus inhibits ________.

Answer 64

melanocytes

Question 65

What is the D locus?

Answer 65

Dilution

Question 66

What is the C locus?

Answer 66

colorpoint and albino dilutions

Question 67

What genotype is the most diluted? What is a cat breed?

Answer 67

CsCs, Siamese

Question 68

What genotype is the least diluted? What is a cat breed?

Answer 68

CbCb, burmese

Question 69

What causes the dilution in these cats?

Answer 69

cooler parts of the body will have the darker colors

Question 70

The O gene is sex-_______ .

Answer 70

limited

Question 71

Which chromosome is the O gene on?

Answer 71

X chromosome

Question 72

Eumelanin = ____ pigments Phaeomelanin = _______ pigments

Answer 72

dark light

Question 73

O= _____ o= ______ Oo= ______

Answer 73

orange black orange and black

Question 74

Can male cats be calico or tortoishell?

Answer 74

yes, but very rare and are sterile

Question 75

What syndrome do male cats have if they are calico or tortoishell?

Answer 75

klinefelter syndrome

Question 76

When 2 embryos fuse together male torties are likely _____ and are _____.

Answer 76

chimeras, fertile

Question 77

How many known traits/disorders with identified genes are in dogs?

Answer 77

336

Question 78

How many known traits/disorders with identified genes are in cats?

Answer 78

103