Systems Structural Movement- Digestive

Question 1

What are the 3 functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

1. Obtain food
2. Digest and absorb food
3. Supply body with needed nutrients

Question 2

What are the 8 major components of the digestive system

Answer 2

1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
5. Large intestine
6. Liver
7. Gall bladder
8. Pancreas

Question 3

What are the 4 types of digestion?

Answer 3

1. mechanical
2. chemical
3. enzymatic
4. fermentative

Question 4

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 4

chewing, starts in the mouth, peristalsis throughout the gut, contractions

Question 5

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 5

acid in the stomach dissolves food, denatures proteins

Question 6

What is the pH of the stomach?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

What is the pH of the intestines?

Answer 7

7

Question 8

What is enzymatic digestion?

Answer 8

enzymes breaking down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Question 9

Where does enzymatic digestion occur in carnivores?

Answer 9

stomach

Question 10

Where is the major site of enzymatic digestion and absorption?

Answer 10

small intestine

Question 11

What is fermentative digestion?

Answer 11

microbes ferment fiber that mammalian enzymes cannot break down

Question 12

Why do microbes pass quickly in cats and dogs?

Answer 12

because they have a shorter GI tract

Question 13

What is the pathway of the GI tract?

Answer 13

mouth -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> large intestine

Question 14

Where does prehension occur?

Answer 14

the mouth

Question 15

The purpose of saliva is to?

Answer 15

lubricate and solubilize food so it doesn’t harm the lining of the GI tract

Question 16

Dogs and cats lack what enzyme?

Answer 16

salivary amylase

Question 17

What does the stomach do?

Answer 17

provides short term storage, and grinds and mix foodstuffs with gastric secretions

Question 18

What 3 things in the small intestine increase surface areaa?

Answer 18

1. mucosal folds
2. microvilli
3. villi

Question 19

The pancreases releases _______ _______ to the _______ of the small intestine.

Answer 19

pancreatic secretions, duodenum

Question 20

What are the 3 digestive enzymes?

Answer 20

protease, lipase, and amylase

Question 21

What does the release of bicarbonate do?

Answer 21

neutralizes
(increases the pH from 2 to 7)

Question 22

The liver releases _____ from the ____ _____.

Answer 22

bile, gall bladder

Question 23

Bile acids act as what? Why?

Answer 23

detergent, emulsify fat into droplets

Question 24

What kinds of absorption occur in the large intestine?

Answer 24

water and electrolytes

Question 25

What does IBD stand for?

Answer 25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Question 26

What is IBD?

Answer 26

Chronic inflammation of the GI tract caused by an abnormal "local" immune response

Question 27

IBD causes chronic _____ and ______.

Answer 27

vomiting, diarrhea

Question 28

What are some dog breeds that are prone to IBD?

Answer 28

Basenji, Boxer, French Bulldog, German Shepherd

Question 29

Liver diseases can be caused by what 4 things?

Answer 29

1. infection 2. toxins 3. genetics 4. age

Question 30

What are some symptoms of liver disease?

Answer 30

lethargy, decreased appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, increased thirst, jaundice

Question 31

What sugar alcohol causes acute liver failure in some dogs?

Answer 31

xylitol

Question 32

Where does xylitol come from? What is an example?

Answer 32

plants, birt trees

Question 33

Which enzymes in bloodwork can determine problems with the liver?

Answer 33

ALT, AST, ALP Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Aspartate transaminase (AST) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Question 34

Which enzymes are important for metabolism?

Answer 34

ALP and ALT

Question 35

Jaundice is caused by what?

Answer 35

Excess fat on the liver