1
Q
birth rate
A
number of babies born in 1 year compared to every 1000 people in a country
2
Q
death rate
A
number of deaths in a country for every 1000 people in 1 year
3
Q
population growth
A
difference between birth rates and death rates in a country
4
Q
positive population growth = ?
A
high birth rate + low death rate
5
Q
even population growth = ?
A
even death and birth rates
6
Q
negative population rate = ?
A
high death rate + low birth rate
7
Q
infant
A
baby younger than 1 year old
8
Q
mortality
A
death
9
Q
Infant mortality
A
number of babies that die before 1
10
Q
how do you measure infant mortality rates
A
measured as number of deaths per thousand births
11
Q
average life expentancy
A
average number of years people in a country/area can expect to live
12
Q
factors
A
things that influence what happens
13
Q
diarrhoea
A
symptoms of illness that causes a runny tummy
14
Q
epidemic
A
disease that spreads quickly across an area/country
15
Q
pandemic
A
diseases that spread across many countries
16
Q
AIDS
A
acquired immune deficiency syndrome, final stage of HIV disease, which causes servere damage to the immune system
17
Q
what are some factors that affect birth + death rates (7)
A
- disease
- economic status
- family needs + beliefs + attitudes
- conflict/wars
- goverment policy
18
Q
countrys that have a high percentage of people who have HIV, often have high
A
death rates
19
Q
parasite
A
plant/animal that lives on or in another living ting and usually harms it
20
Q
insect repellents
A
chemicals that keep insects away
21
Q
TB affects what organ
A
the lungs
22
Q
How is TB spread
A
by the infected persons spit / by air
23
Q
how many out of a 1000s SAs get TB
A
900
24
Q
How is malaria spread
A
by mosquitoes
25
what happens if a person gets bitten by a mosquitoe that has malaria
parasite enters blood = multiplys = gets sick
26
how can you prevent getting malaria
* sleep in mosquitoes nets
* take prevention meds
* use insect repellent
27
gastroenteritis
infection of the bowel
28
how many kids die every day from diarrhoea
2000
29
what does gastroenteritis do
cause the body to lose important liquids + minerals
30
what is the real name of the black death
bubonic plague
31
how is the black death spread
by fleas on rats
32
what happens to people when the have the black death
* get sores on body
* body parts turn black death
33
was there a cure to the black death
no ( either survied or died painful death )
34
blisters
small fluid-filled bubble on skin
35
fever
raised body temp
36
How did small pox come to the cape
* ship arrivied in CPT with sheets infected with it
* people took sheets home
* people familys got sick + blisters + fever + felt weak
37
economic status
how rich or poor someone is
38
poor comunities = have _________ kids .......
have more kids, so the kids can work and they can be looked after
39
infant mortality rates in poor comunities =
high
40
why do people in richer communities live longer
they have more acces to better health care
41
pension
money you receive from the goverment when you are no longer able to work
42
family planning
methods people use to stop from getting pregnant ( contraceptive shots + pills )
43
why do some people have larger families
so their kids can work on farms
44
civilians
people in a country who are not a soldier
45
goverment policy
plans + laws made by the goverment
46
goverment policys aim to
change peoples behavouir
47
What did the 1 child policy in china say
said women + familys in certain areas could only have 1 child
48
what the goverment hope the 1 child policy would do
hoped it would lower chinas high population growth
49
what did people get if they only had 1 child
benifits + free education
50
what happened to people if they had more than 1 child
fined a social maintenance fee + stopped from getting better jobs
51
increased food production =
more food = can feed more people = population grows
52
sanitation
management of water supplies and sewage
53
medical drugs
chemicals that work inside the body to treat or prevent illness
54
What did science help to do ( 3 )
* control disease + infection
* improve sanitation + acces to clean water
* developed canned food + refridgeration
55
what sicknesses have vaccinations now
* cholera
* tetanus
* typhoid
* measles
* polio
* yellow fever
* flu
56
vaccinations do what
prevent people from getting sick
57
drugs to what
help treat people
58
improved sanitation + better toilets =
reduces water pollution + spread of disease
59
canned food
food preserved + stored in sealed cans
60
refridgeration
process of cooling/freezing food to keep it fresh
61
diets
the kind of foood people eat
62
canning + refridgeration has (4)
* improved diets
* increased varity of food = people eat healthier = live longer
* made food safe + reduced illness = lower infant mortality rates
* Improved overall health = increased life expectancy = lower death rates
63
what are e.g of natural resources
* water
* air
* soil
* forests
* animals + marine life
64
decaying
rotting
65
food chain
feeding levels
66
soil
layer on surface where plants grow
67
forest
area with amny trees + plants
68
how do people use rocks (3)
* mining - gold + minerals
* heat + electricity - coal
* industries - chemicals from them used
69
how do people use soil
* grow food
* raise animals
70
How do people use air ( 3 )
* transport - engines need air to work
* get rid of gases + fumes
* make machines work
* make machines work
71
how do people use water ( 4 )
* to drink + water crops
* washing + removing sewage
* cleaning
* marine life live in it
72
extintic
when living thing no longer exists
73
sustainable
mangement of natural resources in such a way that will be able to use these resources many years into the future
74
SASSI stands for ?
Southeren African Suistainable Seafood Initiative
75
what does SASSI teach SAs
good fishing methods that dont causes damage
76
These colours stands for :
1. green
2. orange
3. red
1. best choice ( wont run out soon )
2. think twice ( running out quickly )
3. dont buy ( indanger or illegal to catch )
77
protecting
to keep something safe
78
preserving
to prevent something from being damaged
79
manage
to control or plan how something is done or used
80
conservation
protecting + preserving natural resources
81
conservation areas
specific parts of a country that r kept from harm + damage
82
world heritage site
place of global importance, normally of natural, cultural or historical value
83
flora
plants
84
fauna
animals
85
SANParks
South African National Parks
86
how many parks does SANparks have
19
87
aim of conservation
set aside land where human activities can be controlled to protect the enviroment
88
national border
dividing line between 2 countries
89
harvesting
gather or collect a resource
90
threats to marine area = ?
* over fishing
* pollution (ships)
* costal industries
* expansion of tourist industry
91
community conservation project
joint effort by a community to manage + care 4 enviroment
92
compost
natural fetiliser made from manure, leaves, grass, veggie + fruit peels
93
swales
banks of grass planted between beds of crops to keep water in soil 4 longer
94
mulch
layer of grass/leaves, farmers spread on top of land to stop soil from drying out
95
what r the 2 types of CCP
1. projects that show better way to use enviroment
2. projects that make income 4 local communities by using enviromenthw
96
what does the rainman landcare foundation teach farmers
* teaches how to make compost (replace nutrients )
* teaches water harvesting = planting swales
* teache making mulch = diffucult for weeds to grow
97
Mahushe shongwe game reserve = ?
turned into a game reserve bc land couldnt be used for crops
98
what are some animals at the Mahushe Shongwe game reserve
impala
black jacked jackal
warthogs
springboks
99
eco - tourism
tourism based on natural resources of area, such as its natural beauty
100
biodiversty
number of different plant + animal species in a specfific area
101
what is the aim of eco - tourism
beauty + biodidversty + historical + natural sites
102
e.g of eco tourism = ?
* game viewing
* pony + horse riding
* bird watching
* snorekeling
* hiking
* whale watching
* mountain biking
* rock climbing
103
irrigation
watering crops
104
portable water
water safe 4 humans
105
evaporation
process where water changes to vapour (gas) bc of heat from sun
106
where does SA import water from
lesotho
107
what are the 2 things that need to happen to get water to people
* needs to be cleaned + stored in dams
* has to be pumped in pipes to places
108
what do dams do
* store water
* provide water for industrys + settlements + famers
* control river flow
109
what alternitaves to building more dams
* use water more efficiently + avoid waste
* recycle waste water
* improve irrigation
* repair water supply system ( leaking pipes)
* store underground to prevent evaporation
110
river catchment
area drained by 1 main river and all the rivers that flow into it
111
RHP stands for
the River Health Programme
112
what does RHP aim to do
find out where + how rivers catchment have been damaged
113
What are ways people can care for catchment areas
* use natural fertilisers + pesticides ( water becomes less polluted
* keep natural plants next to river bank = stops soil washing away + prevents it from collapsing
* need laws to stop people from using rivers as sewers + dumping grounds
114
alien plants
plants that dont naturally occur in an area
115
indigenous plants
plants that naturally occur in an area
116
rehabilitate
to fix or restore something to its natural state
117
alien vegitation
planst that dont naturally belong in an area which may harm the enviroment
118
how are wetlands damaged
* farmers drain wetlands to make fields + use water to fill their dams
* removing vegitation = reduces amount water they can hold
* alien plants takes resources + use more water = water in the reduced
* pollutio = causes them to die
119
why do we need to conserve wetlands
some plants + animals only survive wetlnads
120
company started in the 2000 to help wetlands = ?
working for wetlands
121
inland wetlands = ?
fresh water
122
costal wetlands =
salt water
123
pesticides
poisonous chemicals used on plants to get rid of pests
124
fertiliser
used in soil to help plants grow more quickly
125
subsistance farming impact
* dont use chemicals that pollute
* methods dont damage enviroment
* dont change land by making drains / removing wetlands
* water crops by hand
126
comercial farming impact
* negitive impact
* use nearly 2/3 of water
* use lots of artifical chemicals
* chemicals washed into river = pollution
* large scale irrigation = millions L used
127
how can commerial farmers be more responsible
* ensure water gets to roots
* irrigate at coolste part of day
* only use irrigation when needed
* make soil well drained
* plant crops that dont need a lot of water
128
what are ways we can use water resondsibily
* fix leaking pipes
* mend taps
* dont leave taps running
* use tanks to store rain water
* install toilets that use less water
129
male = ?
left
130
female = ?
right
bc females are always right
131
verticle/y axis
age
132
horizontal/x
population
