1
Q
What was sub question 1
A
- How and why do abiotic factors change from the embryo dunes inland
2
Q
What is the second sub question
A
- How and why do biotic characteristics change from the embryo dunes inland
3
Q
What is the third sub question `
A
- Is there a significant relationship between the abiotic factors, including human influence and the biotic characteristics of the dunes.
4
Q
What did you expect to find for sub Q1
A
- Wind speed decrease
- Air temp increase
- Light levels decrease
- Soil moisture decrease
- Humus depth increase
- pH increase
- Infiltration rate decrease
5
Q
what did you expect to find for sub Q 2
A
- % ground cover increase
- Species variety increase
- Dominant species change
- Plant hight increase
6
Q
What did you expect to find for sub question 3
A
- Significant relationship between biotic and abiotic factors
- Significant impact on succession and zonation
- Eg - Path erosion, blowout formation, tramlining
- excavation ect creating plagioclimax
7
Q
Where was the study conducted
A
- Newton burrows sand dunes
- East of Porthcawl town
- Porthcawl bay
- South Wales coast
- Along the Bristol Channel
8
Q
How was the location useful to your study
A
- Extensive sand dune system stretching from Newton to Merthyr Mawr
- A varying amount of human influence
- Wide sandy beach with gentle gradient
- Large tidal range
- SW facing
- Easy access
- Public beach
- Near main roads easy to get to
9
Q
What are the possible risks
A
- Trapped by rising tide
- Getting cut on beach debris flotsam and jetsam
- Drowning
- Slips, trips and falls
- Sun burn/stings
10
Q
What are some precautions that need to be taken and control mesures to prevent or avoid the risks
A
- Time measurements at the ebb tide
- Exit routes from dunes identified
- Wear shoes at all times and be vigilant when collecting samples.
- Check the weather forecast before hand and cease data collection in a storm
- wear study shoes with ankle supports
- Do not enter the sea above ankle height to collect the water
- Long trousers, sun cream and antihistamine
11
Q
What possible ethical issues could there be
A
- Area disturbance
- Disrespecting the wildlife
- Damaging the environment (Trampling or litter)
- Removing samples
12
Q
What does sucsession mean
A
- How the plants in the dune system change over time from pioneer species on the youngest, newest dunes closest to the sea to the climax communities on the oldest, furthest dunes furthest from the sea.
13
Q
what is zonation
A
- The spatial variation of plant species with distance along a transect inland
14
Q
What is the plagioclimax
A
-The influence of human activity on the climax community
15
Q
What is the main question of the investigation
A
- To what extent does succession at Newton Burrows reach its climax community
16
Q
How did we place the tape measure to measure the dunes and from where to where
A
- In a linear transect from the strandline inland
17
Q
What type of data was questions 1-2
A
- ## Quantitative
18
Q
Where did we record data and take mesurements
A
- Every site was at every break of slope
19
Q
What did we uses to mesure the break of slope and how did we pick every site
A
-A clinometer and ranging poles
20
Q
What did we uses to mesure the wind speed and how did we uses it
A
- Anemometer
- Held it at arms length on top of the ranging pole same person for consistency
21
Q
How did we measure the light intensity and what instrement
A
Phagometre
- Held 30 cm above the ground
22
Q
How did we measure the temperature
A
- Used a thermometer
- held 30 cm above the ground
23
Q
Hwo did we mesure the Ph
A
- Ph probe into ground
24
Q
What did we uses to measure the soil colour
A
-Used a soil colour chart
-one person chose prevented bias
25
How did you measure humus depth
- A trowel and a metre ruler
26
what did you uses to mesure the persentage of ground coverage of plants
- Quadrat - Each square = 1 %
27
How did we identify the diffrent species of plants
- Using a species identification card and counted how many diffrent species are present in the quadrat
- Calcualte the persentage of the diffrent species in the quadrat
28
What did we use to mesure the plant height
- Metre ruler
- Measure 4 samples of plant height from the corners of the quadrat
29
What type of data was recorded for all three of the sub questions
- Objective
30
What did we use to record the human influence on the area
- Camera and photographs
- Field notes at each
31
What other information or data did we use in our study of sub question 3
- Secondary data from OS maps of land use nearby the dune system
32
What sampling technique did we uses in our study
- Stratified
33
Why did you use the type of sampling you used
- Stratified sampling allows you to take measurements at every break of slope, allowing you to measure each variable at every site. It takes into account the characteristics of the dune system.
- It is better than both random and systematic
34
Why did you not use Systematic sampleling
- Systematic ( gives good coverage but can miss important changes along the transect and effect the reliability of the results.
35
Why did you not use random sampling
+ would reduce bias and eliminate subjectivity from the user as all sites have an equal chance to be chosen
- Some sites may be clustered at a particular point along the transect, so the study would not be REPRESNTATIVE.
36
What other sampling strategy could be used
- Oppertunistic sampling
37
What is opportunistic sampling
- Recording evidence of human influence where ever it occured
38
How many sites were recorded and why
12 - It gave us suffiecent amount of data for accurate and reliable results.
39
How could you improve the data collection accuracy for sub question 1
- Record the wind speed, light, and temperature at 3 different times of the day
- Calculate a mean and make the data more reliable at each site along the transect
40
Was there a measurement for sub-question 1 that was ineffective and what could you do to make it more reliable
-Hummus depth
- No obvious hummus layer, mixed in with the sand.
- Use a colour chart to score or score the humus content from 1-5 ( ONE PERSON FOR RELABLILITY)
41
Was the sampling method you used for sub question 1 realiable
-No
- Stratified sampling could be considered too subjective
- Accuratly recognising the changes in slope was difficult and could have affected the reliability of our findings
- Obvious changes were harder to recognise further along the transect. Data collection was far less regular and we could have missed important changes in biotic or abiotic factors
42
What was a limitation of the sub question 2 investigation
- The plant height could have been measured 10 times one from each square tallest plant then find a mean. (INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF THE DATA)
43
What other average could you calculate to do with plant height to imporve results
- Medium as this will not be skewed by annomolus plant heights and results
44
What was another limitation of the sub-question 2
-Correctly identifying the plant species was difficult, and inaccuracies may have affected the reliability of our plant species data, it was best to come to a collective decision about the type if plant species present.
45
Where there any limitations for the sub question 3
- The transect was not quite long enough to reach the climax community or the plagio climax created by the land use changes to the dune system.
- This would have created an averse effect on the validity of our conclusions
46
What graphical techniques were used to display data that was collected across all 3 sub questions
- Dune profile
- Proportional symbols overlay on the arch GIS map
47
Why was the dune profile used to present data
- Show the changes of the slope gradient and dune height along the transect
- Produces an accurate representation of shape and relief
- can be analysed in conjunction with data on kite diagrams and pie charts to see links between biotic and abiotic factors and the shape of the dune profile.
- Can see the shape of the dune with the difference of human influence
GENERATED FROM THE BARCELONA FIELD STUDIES CENTRE "SAND DUNE TRANSECT PROFILE MAKER"
48
What graphs were used to present the data for sub question 1
- Kite diagram
- Proportional symbols map
- Dune profile
49
Why did you choose to use the graphs you chose to use for sub question 1
- Kite diagram
( Display changes to the abiotic factors along the trasect
- Clear visual rep of temp, windspeed, sunlight, humus depth, change with distance
-Can compare to observe the interdependence of biotic and abiotic factors)
Arch GIS Proportional symbols map
(Created proportional symbols that represented the changes in the abiotic factors along the transect.
- Clear visual representation
50
What data collection methods were uses for sub question 2
- Dune profile
- Kite diagram
- Proportainla symbols
- Pie charts
- Annotated photographs
51
Jusify the use of pie charts for sub question 2
- Display veg cover and bare ground at each site
- Display proportional veg species at each site
- can be used in conjunction with dune profile
- Proportions are easy to compare and allow detailed analysis
52
Why use kite diagrams for sub q 2 -
- Shows the relationship with distance from the beach along the transect with the increase in veg cover or plant height or number of species.
- Clear visual rep
- Can be used with the dune profile
53
Why use photographs for sub question 2
- Display changes in vegitation cover and human influence Eg blow outs.
- Shows the dominant plant species at variations along a transect
- Helps to give an overall understanding of the area
54
What graphical techniques were used to present data for sub question 3
- Land use maps
- scatter graphs
- Proportional symbols map
- Dune profile
55
Why were land use maps used in sub question 3
- Shows the various uses of land
- Helps us to see the plagioclimax or why the succession of the dunes is the way it is.
-Placing a colour-coded layer of info allows for a pattern of human influence on sand dune system to be observed
56
Why use scatter graphs for sub question 3
- To identify the strenght of the correlation of the relationship between the biotic factors and the abiotic factors with a trend line on the graph
57
What statistical technique do u use in sub question 1 to analyse the data
- Mean - Calculate average wind speed at each site.
- To improve the reliability of the measurement not just being one gust of wind.
58
What statistical technique do u use in sub question 2 to analyse the data
Mode - Analyse the most common species of plant
- Mean - Analyse the average plant height at each site. However may have been more accurate to use the medium height to avoid anomalies
- Percentages - Different proportions of veg cover at each site
- Own Spearman's rank correlation test betwen sand dune height and veg cover.
59
What statistical technique do u use in sub question 3 to analyse the data
- Spearman's rank correlation analyses the strength of the correlation between the 2 variables. using a significance table helped us to analyse th epribablilty of the correlation happening by chance
60
What did the own spermans' rank correlation show and what variables was it conducted for and what sub question
- Sand dune height and veg cover percentage
- + 0.9
- significance value for 0.01 was 0.678 and 0.9 is greater therefore we can be 99% sure that this correlation didn't happen by chance
- Sub question 2
61
What did the School spearman's' rank correlation show and what variables was it for
- Sub question 3
- Correlation between soil colour and plant height
- Strong negative correlation -0.86
- The significance at 0.01 was 0.678, and as 0.86 was greater, we can be 99% sure that this strong negative correlation didn't happen by accident.
Issy As-Level geography
flashcards
Decks in class (13)
# Cards
-
Topic 1.1.1 operation of the coast system17
-
Topic 1.1.2 temporal variations and their influence on the coastline32
-
Topic 1.1.4 Factors affecting coastal processes and landforms40
-
JCL - Plate margins8
-
Volcano JCL - E15 Case study28
-
Earthquake JCL - Case study48
-
1.1.3 - landforms and landscape systems20
-
1.1.552
-
1.1.647
-
1.1.755
-
1.1.823
-
JCL Volcanoes2
-
Geography fieldwork study61
