When was the E-15 first initial eruption
20th March 2010
When was the second eruptive phase of the erruption
-14th April 2010
What type of volcano was E-15
- A stratovolcano composite
What plate margin does Iceland sit on and the names of the plates
-Diverging plate margin
-North American and Eurasian plate margin
What tectonic feature does Iceland sit on
- The mid atlantic ridge
What did the scientists studying the volcano spot in early February 2010
- That the volcano was bulging
- provided evidence that magma was pouring into the chamber
How many earthquakes were measured close to the centre of the volcano between 3-5 march
- 3,000
What happened in the first phases of the erruption 20th march 2010
- 8km east of the top of the crater of the volcano, the eruption began
- Fissure vents opened with effusive fire fountians
- only local impacts
- No ice in the area
How far and deep did the original lava from the fissure vents on the 20th march cover
1.3 km squared
- average of 10-20 metres thick.
What type of erruption was the large scale one on 14th april
- Pheatomagmatic
What does phreatomagmatic mean
- A volcanic eruption caused my the interaction between magma and water.
Names the primary effects of the volcanic erruption
- Wind carried ash southeast towards Europe
- People living on the down wind areas in iceland had to move all livestock and animals and had to wear face masks and goggles due to the thick particles.
- Low visibility
- Risk of contaminated water supplies due to the florine and ash
What were some of the secondary effects
- ice melt water flooding due to the phreatomagmatic eruption
-No settlements were destroyed due to forward planning - The main part of the southern highway across Iceland was washed away or covered in debris
Were there any international impacts
- Ash cloud covered the majority of Europe, grounding flights and preventing some from landing safely
-Major economic effects for LICs - Co2 impact
- Climate impacts
-Increase and boost in tourism
-Kenya perishable goods
How many flights were cancelled in total
-100,000
How many days were planes grounded for
- 8 days
How many passengers were effected
- 10 Million
How much were airlines and associated businesses loosing a day
£130 million a day
How many farmers in Kenya were temporarily unemployed why
- 50,000
- There produce couldnt be sold eg beans, peas, flowers.
How many flower stalks were unsold in the first 2 days
- Over 1 mil
How many tonnes of CO2 was the E-15 volcano pumping into the atmosphere per day
- 3000
What were the immediate responces of the E-15 Volcano
- 800 farmers and families were evacuated
- Ash contaminated the water supply so local governments warned people to not drink or let livestock drink
- Sections of the highway were deliberately breached to prevent destruction due to flooding
- Within weeks after the erruption, these highways were fixed and back to new.
What were the long term responses
- Airline and flight regulations regarding flying with ash clouds were changed.
- Responses were entirely domestic (each individual country did there own thing)
What is the management of E-15 like
- They have the IMO (Icelandic Meteorological Office) that monitor each movements, water conditions, weather issues and warning.
-24/7 monitoring
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Topic 1.1.1 operation of the coast system17
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Topic 1.1.2 temporal variations and their influence on the coastline32
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Topic 1.1.4 Factors affecting coastal processes and landforms40
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JCL - Plate margins8
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Volcano JCL - E15 Case study28
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Earthquake JCL - Case study48
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1.1.3 - landforms and landscape systems20
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1.1.552
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1.1.647
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1.1.755
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1.1.823
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JCL Volcanoes2
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Geography fieldwork study61
