Geriatrics

Question 1

Name some of the causes of constipation

Answer 1

• Drugs (NSAIDs, psychiatric drugs, anti-epileptics,diuretics etc.)
• Diabetes
• Electrolyte disturbances
• Autonomic neuropathy
• Colonic strictures
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Obstruction
• Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 2

How can constipation be managed?

Answer 2

• Increased fibre, fluids and activity levels
• Bulk-forming laxatives
• Osmotic laxatives (lactulose, phosphate etc.)
• Stimulant laxatives (senna, docusate etc.)
• Prokinetic laxatives (prucalopride)

Question 3

Which screening tool is used to screen for delirium?

Answer 3

4AT

Question 4

Describe the pharmacological management of delirium

Answer 4

• Stop bad drugs

- Quetiapine if danger to themselves or in distress

Question 5

Which medications are used in “Just in Case medicines”?

Answer 5

• Morphine
• Midazolam
• Hyoscine Butylbromide
• Levomepromazine