Geriatrics

Question 1

One MET is equal the oxygen consumption of….

Answer 1

3.5 mL/O2/kg/min

Question 2

Inability to acheive __ METS is associated with increase perioperative risk.

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Aging is associated with reduction in :

Answer 3

PaO2
lung elasticity
chest wall compliance

These reduce pulmonary reserve and increase risk of respiratory failure

Question 4

Minute Ventilation =

Answer 4

INCREASED

Question 5

Lung Compliance:
Lung elasticity:

Answer 5

Increased
decreased

Question 6

Chest wall compliance:

Answer 6

Decreased

Question 7

Upper airway tone :

Answer 7

Decreased

Question 8

Response to hypercarbia and hypoxia:

Answer 8

Decreased

risk of hypoventilation, apnea, and respiratory failure

Question 9

Which capacities are increased?

Answer 9

RV, FRC, and CC

Question 10

What capacities are decreased?

Answer 10

VC and ERV

Question 11

Unchanged capacity?

Answer 11

TLC

Question 12

4 most common cardiac condtions in elderly?

Answer 12

HTN, CAD, CHF, and MI

Question 13

Virchow’s Triad (increased risk of thromboembolism)

Answer 13

1. Venous stasis
2. Hypercoagulability
3. Endothelial dysfunction

Question 14

Which factor remains unchanged in the healthy geriatric patient ?

Answer 14

Systolic function of the heart

Question 15

The pulse pressure widens because …..

Answer 15

SBP increases more than DBP

Question 16

HR?

Answer 16

decreased

Question 17

Aging is associated with increased ____ and ___ concentration

Answer 17

Sympathetic tone and increased Norepi concentration

Question 18

Baroreceptor sensitivity?

Answer 18

decreases

Question 19

MAC is decreased by __% for each decade after ___.

Answer 19

6% after 40

Question 20

Sensitivity to nerve tissue local anesthetics?

Answer 20

increased

Question 21

response to epi test dose?

Answer 21

decreased

Question 22

Sensitivity to intrathecal and epidural anesthetics?

Answer 22

increased

d/t decreased CSF volume and dura is more permeable to locals

decreased epidural space

Question 23

GFR decreased by… after age 40

Answer 23

1 mL/min/year

Question 24

Decreased _____ sensitivity impairs the ability to conserve sodium.

Answer 24

aldosterone

Question 25

Serum creatinine?

Answer 25

unchanged

Question 26

RBF, renal blood flow, creatinine clearance, GFR, response to acid load, response to ADH and aldosterone?

Answer 26

ALL DECREASED

Question 27

Psuedocholinesterase productio is _____. Can prolong ___, especially in __.

Answer 27

reduced Succs men

Question 28

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein is _____ and binds to __ drugs.

Answer 28

increased basic

Question 29

Total body fat is _____. The accounts for the larger __ of ____ drugs. example?

Answer 29

increased Vd lipophilic drugs like propofol

Question 30

Decreased CO prolongs circulation time and causes _____ inhalation and slowr ___ induction

Answer 30

faster slower

Question 31

Total body water is ____ which account for smaller VD for _____ drugs. example?

Answer 31

decreased hydrophilic rocuronium

Question 32

Plasma protein binding?

Answer 32

decreased

Question 33

Rate of recovery from volatile anesthetics?

Answer 33

decreased

Question 34

What is the most sensitive indicator of renal function and drug clearance in the elderly?

Answer 34

Creatinine clearance

Question 35

Respiratory parameters that increase with age:

Answer 35

Lung compliance Closing Capacity Minute volume RV FRC

Question 36

Respiratory paremeters that decrease with age:

Answer 36

VC ERV IRV Elasticity of the lung Chest wall compliance Lung mass