1
Q
Cholecystokinin source
A
I cells (duodenum, jejunum)
2
Q
Gastrin source
A
G cells (antrum of stomach)
3
Q
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic peptide source
A
K cells (duodenum, jejunum)
4
Q
Motilin source
A
Small intestine
5
Q
Secretin source
A
S cells (duodenum)
6
Q
Somatostatin source
A
D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa)
7
Q
VIP source
A
Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder and small intestine
8
Q
Intrinsic factor source
A
Parietal cells (stomach)
9
Q
Gastric acid source
A
Parietal cells (stomach)
10
Q
Pepsin source
A
Chief cells (stomach)
11
Q
HCO3- source
A
Mucosal cells (stomach, duodenum, salivary glands, pancreas) Brunner glands (duodenum)
12
Q
Cholecystokinin action
A
- Increase pancreatic secretion
- Increase gallbladder contraction
- Delay gastric emptying
- Increase sphincter of Oddi relaxation
13
Q
Gastrin action
A
- Increase gastric H+ secretion
- Increase growth of gastric mucosa
- Increase gastric motility
- Stimulate ECL cells to release Histamine (which also stimulates parietal cells to release H+)
14
Q
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide action
A
Exocrine: decrease H+ secretion
Endocrine: increase insulin release
15
Q
Motilin action
A
Produces migrating motor complexes (MMCs)
16
Q
Secretin action
A
- Increase pancreatic HCO3- secretion
- Decrease gastric acid secretion
- Increase bile secretion
17
Q
Somatostatin action
A
- Decrease gastric acid and pepsin secretion
- Decrease fluid secretion from pancreas and small intestine
- Decrease gall bladder contraction
- Decrease insulin and glucagon release
18
Q
Nitric oxide action (in GI)
A
-Increase SM relaxation (including LED)
19
Q
VIP action
A
- Increase intestinal water and electrolyte secretion
- Increase relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters
20
Q
Intrinsic factor action
A
Binds Vitamin B12 so that it can be taken up in the terminal ileum
21
Q
Gastric acid action
A
Decrease stomach pH
22
Q
Pepsin action
A
Protein digestion
23
Q
HCO3- action
A
neutralize action
24
Q
What is increased with fatty acids and amino acids ONLY?
A
Cholecystokinin
25
What is increased with fatty acids, amino acids, and oral glucose?
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide
26
What is increased with stomach distention/alkalinization, amino acids (phenylalanine and tryptophan), peptides, and vagal stimulation but decreased by stomach pH <1.5?
Gastrin
27
What is increased in fasting state?
motilin
28
Name a motilin receptor agonist used to stimulate intestinal peristalsis?
Erythromcin
29
What is increased by acid and fatty acids in lumen of duodenum?
Secretin
30
What is increased by acid but decreased by vagal stimulation?
somatostatin
31
What is increased by distention and vagal stimulation and decreased by vagal input?
VIP
32
What are the symptoms of a VIPoma?
- Watery diarrhea
- Hypokalemia
- Achlorhydria
33
What is increased by histamine, Ach, and gastrin but decreased by somatostatin, GIP, prostaglandin and secretin?
gastric acid
34
What is increased by vagal stimulation and local acid?
pepsin
35
What is increased by pancreatic and biliary secretion with secretin?
HCO3-
36
What are two pathological things that can lead to increased gastrin?
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
| - Chronic PPI use
37
What is glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide known as?
GIP
38
Why is GIP significant for oral v. IV glucose?
Oral glucose load used more rapidly than IV due to GIP
39
Why is secretin important?
Increases HCO3- to allow pancreatic enzymes to function in duodenum
40
What is one of the underlying causes of achlasia?
Loss of NO secretion leading to increased LES tone
41
Why does atropine not block G cells?
vagal stimulation of G cells is through GRP not Ach (like with parietal cells)
42
Where is gastrin released?
into circulation (NOT into stomach)
43
What does falciform ligament connect?
Liver to anterior abdominal wall
44
What is contained in falciform ligament?
Ligamentum teres hepatis (fetal umbilical vein)
45
What does the hepatoduodenal ligament connect?
liver to duodenum
46
What does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?
Portal triad (proper hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct)
47
What does the gastroheptic ligament connect?
liver to lesser curvature of stomach
48
What does the gastroheptic ligament contain?
gastric arteries
49
What separates greater and lesser omental sacs on the left?
gastrosplenic ligament
50
What separates greater and lesser sacs on the right?
gastrohepatic ligament
51
What does the gastrocolic ligament connect?
greater curvature and transverse colon
52
What does the gastrocolic ligament contain?
gastroepiploic arteries
53
What does the gastrosplenic ligament connect?
greater curvature and spleen
54
What does the gastrosplenic ligament contain?
Short gastrics
| Left gastroepiploic vessels
55
What does the splenorenal ligament connect?
Spleen to posterior abdominal wall
56
What does the splenorenal ligament contain?
Splenic artery and vein; tail of pancreas
57
Part of GI with plicae circulares and crypts of Lieberkuhn
jejunum
58
Part of GI with crypts of Lieberkuhn, no villi and numerous goblet cells
colon
59
Part of GI with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
esophagus
60
Part of GI with villi and microvilli, Brunner glands, and crypts of Lieberkuhn
Duodenum
61
Part of GI with tons of goblet cells, Peyer patches, plicae circulares (proximally) and crypts of Lieberkuhn
Ileum
1st Aid Memorize
flashcards
Decks in class (21)
# Cards
-
Neoplasia73
-
Vitamins43
-
Immunology35
-
Biochem92
-
Pharmacology104
-
GI61
-
GPCR32
-
Cardio35
-
Receptor Signaling6
-
Brachial Plexus and Nerve Lesions65
-
Micro (Bacteria and Parasites)211
-
Neuro69
-
Heme19
-
Musculoskeletal14
-
Micro (Viruses)36
-
Substance Use/Abuse30
-
Renal80
-
Repro100
-
Embryology101
-
Pulm30
-
Problem Pharm82
