Vitamins

Question 1

Fat soluble

Answer 1

A, D, E, K

Question 2

B1

Answer 2

thiamine (TTP)

Question 3

B2

Answer 3

Riboflavin (FAD, FMN)

Question 4

B3

Answer 4

Niacin (NAD+)

Question 5

B5

Answer 5

Pantothenic acid (CoA)

Question 6

B6

Answer 6

Pyridoxine (PLP)

Question 7

B7

Answer 7

Biotin

Question 8

B9

Answer 8

Folate

Question 9

B12

Answer 9

Cobalamin

Question 10

C

Answer 10

Ascorbic acid

Question 11

A

Answer 11

Retinol

Question 12

Function of Vit A

Answer 12

• Antioxidant
• Retinal pigment
• Prevents squamous metaplasia
• Normal differentiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissue

Question 13

Function of Vit B1

Answer 13

Cofactor for dehydrogenase enzyme reactions like:

• Pyruvate dehydrogenase
• Alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase
• Transketolase
• Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

Question 14

Function of Vit B2

Answer 14

Component of FMN and FAD which are used as cofactors in redox reactions (ex. succinate dehydrogenase)

Question 15

Function of Vit B3

Answer 15

• Constituent of NAD+ and NADP+ (used in redox reactions

- Lowers VLDL and raises HDL

Question 16

Function of Vit B5

Answer 16

Essential component of coA and fatty acid synthase

Question 17

Function of Vit B6

Answer 17

• Converted to pyridoxal phosphate (used in transamination, decarboxylation reactions, glycogen phosphorylase
• Synthesis of cystathionine, heme, niacin, histamine and neurotransmitters

Question 18

Function of Vit B7

Answer 18

Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes (add 1-carbon groups) like:

• Pyruvate carboxylase
• Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
• Propionyl-CoA carboxylase

Question 19

Function of Vit B9

Answer 19

• Converted to THF (coenzyme for 1-carbon transfer/methylation reactions)
• Important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA

Question 20

Function of Vit B12

Answer 20

Cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

Question 21

Function of Vit C

Answer 21

• Antioxidant
• Facilitates iron absorption by reducing to Fe2+ state
• Necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
• Necessary for dopamine-beta hydroxylase (converts DA to NE)

Question 22

Function of Vit D

Answer 22

• Increase intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate

- Increase bone mineralizaiton

Question 23

Function of Vit E

Answer 23

-Antioxidant (protects RBCs and membranes from free-radical damage)

Question 24

Function of Vit K

Answer 24

Cofactor for gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on various proteins required for blood clotting (2, 7, 9, 10, C, and S)

Question 25

Function of zinc

Answer 25

- Essential for activity of >100 enzymes | - Help form zinc fingers (TF motif)

Question 26

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - Night blindness - Dry, scaly skin - Corneal degeneration - Immune suppression

Answer 26

A

Question 27

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia) - Beriberi

Answer 27

B1

Question 28

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - Cheilosis - Cornea vascularization

Answer 28

B2

Question 29

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - RARE - Dermatitis - Alopecia - Enteritis

Answer 29

B7

Question 30

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - Glossitis - Diarrhea - Deentia - Dermatitis

Answer 30

B3

Question 31

``` VITAMIN DEFICIENCY -Convulsions -Hyperirritability Peripheral neuropathy -Sideroblastic anemias ```

Answer 31

B6

Question 32

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - Dermatitis - Enteritis - Alopecia - Adrenal insufficiency

Answer 32

B5

Question 33

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia - GLossitis - NO NEURO SYMPTOMS - Increase homocysteine (normal methionine)

Answer 33

B9

Question 34

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia - Paresthesias - Increased serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid

Answer 34

B12

Question 35

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - Rickets - Osteomalacia

Answer 35

D

Question 36

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - Delayed wound healing - Hypogonadism - Decreased adult hair - Dysgeusia - Anosmia - Acrodermatitis enteropathica

Answer 36

Zinc

Question 37

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - Hemolytic anemia - Acanthocytosis - Muscle weakness - Posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination

Answer 37

E

Question 38

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY - Swollen gums - Bruising - Hemarthrosis - Anemia - Poor wound healing - "Corkscrew hair" - Weakened immune response

Answer 38

C

Question 39

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY | -Neonatal hemorrhage (increase PT and PTT with normal bleeding time)

Answer 39

K

Question 40

VITAMIN EXCESS - Facial flushing - Hyperglycemia - Hyperuricemia

Answer 40

B3

Question 41

VITAMIN EXCESS - Teratogenic (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities) - Arthralgias - Scaly skin - Pseudotumor cerebri - Hepatic toxicity

Answer 41

A

Question 42

VITAMIN EXCESS - Hypercalcemia - Hypercalciuria - Loss of appetite - Stupor - Seen in sarcoidosis!

Answer 42

D

Question 43

VITAMIN EXCESS - N/V - Diarrhea - Fatigue - Calcium oxalate kidney stones - Increased risk of iron toxicity

Answer 43

C