GI

Question 1

Annular pancreas is due to

Answer 1

Ventral pancreatic bud abnormally circles 2nd part of duodenum

Question 2

Pancreas divisum is due to

Answer 2

Ventral and doral parts fail to fuse at 8wks

Question 3

SAD PUCKER are retroperitoneal structures

Answer 3

1. Suprarena gland
2. Aorta and IVC
3. Duodenum (2nd through 4th part)
4. Pancrease (except the tail)
5. Ureter
6. Colon (Descending and Ascending)
7. Kidneys
8. Esophagus (Lower 2/3)
9. Rectum

Question 4

Gastrohepatic ligament contains

Answer 4

Gastic arteries

Question 5

Gastrocolic ligament contains

Answer 5

Gastroepiploic arteries

Question 6

Gastrosplenic ligament contains

Answer 6

Short gastric

Left gastroepiploic

Question 7

In the Femoral regioin, NAVEL from Lateral to Medial

Answer 7

• Nerve
• Artery
• Vein
• Empty
• Lymphatics

Question 8

Indirect inguinal hermia

Answer 8

• Goes through the internal (deep) inguinal ring, into the scrotum
• Lateral to inferior epigastric artery
• Occurs in infants due to failure of processus vaginalis to close

Question 9

Direct inguinal hermia

Answer 9

• Through inguinal (Hesselbach) triangle abd buldges directly through abdominal wall
• Medial to inferior epigastric artery

Question 10

Parietal cells and chief cells found in

Answer 10

Body of stomach

Question 11

D cells, G cells, and Mucous cells found in

Answer 11

Antrum of Stomach

Question 12

I cells, S cells, and K cells found in

Answer 12

Duodenum

Question 13

Esophagitis associated with

Answer 13

1. Candida (white pseudomembrane)
2. HSV-1 (punched-out ulcers)
3. CMV (linear ulcer)

Question 14

Acute gastritis is caused by (6)

Answer 14

1. Stress
2. NSAIDs
3. Alcohol
4. Uremia
5. Burns (Curling ulcer)
6. Brain injusry (Cushings ulcer: increase vagal stimulation)

Question 15

Ménétrier disease is

Answer 15

Gastric hypertophy with protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and increase mucous cells

Question 16

Whipple disease findings

Answer 16

PAS+ foamy macrophages

Question 17

Whipple disease presentations

Answer 17

1. Cardiac symptoms
2. Arthralgias
3. Neurologic symptoms

Question 18

Celiac sprue primarly affect

Answer 18

Distal duodenum and/or proximal jejunum

Question 19

Celiac sprue associated with

Answer 19

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Question 20

Zenker diverticulum located

Answer 20

at Killian triangle between the thyropharyngeal and circopharyngeal parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 21

Hirschsprung associated with

Answer 21

RET gene mutation

Down’s syndrome

Question 22

What serum marker is decreased in Wilson disease

Answer 22

Ceruloplasmin

Question 23

Where are Mallory bodies seen

Answer 23

Alcoholic hepatitis

Question 25

**C**opper is **H**ella **BAD** in Wilson disease (**11**)

Answer 25

1. **C**eruloplasmin decreased 2. **C**irrhosis 3. **C**orneal deposits 4. **C**opper accumulation 5. **C**arcinoma 6. **H**emolytic anemia 7. **B**asal ganglia degeneration leading to Parkisonian like 8. **A**sterixis 9. **D**ementia 10. **D**yskinesia 11. **D**ysarthria

Question 26

Hemochromatosis **C**an **C**ause **D**eposits

Answer 26

**C**irrhosis **C**HF **D**M

Question 27

-tidines are

Answer 27

H₂ blockers

Question 28

-tidines used for

Answer 28

1. Peptic ulcer 2. Gastritis 3. Mild esophageal reflux

Question 29

-prazoles are

Answer 29

Proton pump inhibitors

Question 30

-prazole clinical use

Answer 30

1. Peptic ulcer 2. Gastritis 3. Esophagel reflux 4. Zollinger-Ellison

Question 31

Bismuth mechanism of action

Answer 31

Bind to ulcer base and provides physical protection and allowing bicarb secretion to reestablish pH gradient

Question 32

Sucralfate mechanism of action

Answer 32

Bind to ulcer base and provides physical protection and allowing bicarb secretion to reestablish pH gradient

Question 33

Misoprostol mechanism of action

Answer 33

PGE₁ analog that increases production and secretion of gastic mucous barrier

Question 34

Misoprostol toxicity

Answer 34

Contraindicated in whomen of childbearing potential because it is **abortifacient**

Question 35

Octreotide mechanism of action

Answer 35

Long-acting somatostatin analog

Question 36

Infliximab is

Answer 36

Monoclonal antibody to TNF-α

Question 37

Infliximab used for (**5**)

Answer 37

1. Crohn 2. UC 3. RA 4. Ankylosing spondylitis 5. Psoriasis

Question 38

Ondansetron is

Answer 38

5-HT₃ antagonist causing decreased vagal stimulation

Question 39

Metoclopramide is

Answer 39

D₂ receptor antagonist increasing resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility