GI 8

Question 1

energy input

Answer 1

diet

Question 2

energy output

Answer 2

heat and work

Question 3

one kilocalorie

Answer 3

the amount of heat needed to raised the temperature of 1L of water by 1*C.

Question 4

How does a bomb calorimeter work?

Answer 4

Heat released from burned food is measured

Question 5

Are bomb calorimeters over estimates or under?

Answer 5

over because we do not completely digest and absorb most foods

Question 6

Which is more accurate: direct or indirect calorimetry?

Answer 6

direct

Question 7

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 7

an individuals lowest metabolic rate

Question 8

How is BMR usually measures?

Answer 8

as resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Question 9

Factors that affect overall metabolic rate?

Answer 9

• age and sex
• amount of lean muscle mass
• activity level
• diet
• hormones
• genetics

Question 10

All chemical reactions in the body fall into which 3 categories?

Answer 10

• extract energy from nutrients
• use energy for work
• store excess energy

Question 11

Fed state is mainly…

Answer 11

anabolic

Question 12

Skeletal muscle during fed state

Answer 12

• takes up glucose for energy and stores it as glycogen (70% of body storage)
• proteins stored for natural turnover

Question 13

Liver during fed state

Answer 13

• convert glucose to glycogen (24% of body storage) and to fatty acids
• protein used for synthesis and converted to kept acids

Question 14

Adipocytes in the fed state

Answer 14

• take up dietary triglycerides from chylomicrons
• excess glucose converted to triglycerides
• stores triglycerides synthesized in liver

Question 15

Glycogen and protein storage ________, fat storage _________.

Answer 15

limited, unlimited

Question 16

Glycogen can sustain quiet activity for ______, proteins ___________, and fats for ___________

Answer 16

few hours, potentially long periods of time, approximately two months

Question 17

Why is maintaining glucose levels important for nervous system function?

Answer 17

most cells utilize fatty acids to spare glucose for the CNS

Question 18

skeletal muscle during fasted state

Answer 18

• can convert glycogen to glucose-6-P

- forms pyruvate and lactate

Question 19

Liver during fasted state

Answer 19

• glycogen can be converted to glucose
• produce new glucose from pyruvate, lactate, glycerol and certain amino acids
• converts fatty acids to ketone bodies

Question 20

adipocytes during fasted state

Answer 20

-lypolysis occurs; fatty acids and glycerol enter bloodstream to be used as energy

Question 21

fasted state promotes…

Answer 21

catabolism

Question 22

Fed state summary

Answer 22

• insulin secretion
• glucose primarily used by most cells for energy
• glycogenesis
• lipogenesis
• AA uptake and protein synthesis

Question 23

fasted state summary

Answer 23

• glucagon secretion
• fatty acids used by most cells for energy
• glycogenolysis
• lipolysis
• gluconeogenesis
• ketogenesis
• protein degradation