Repro 2

Question 1

Lack of DHT result in…

Answer 1

failure of male external genital and prostate development; appears to be female at birth, at puberty begins masculinization

Question 2

female gametes

Answer 2

• some of largest cells in body
• nonmotile; move via smooth muscle or cilia
• females born with all oocytes, which are cynically released (cease after ~40 years)

Question 3

male gametes

Answer 3

• quite small
• only flagellated cells in body and highly motile
• continually produced
• sperm and testosterone production diminishes with age, but do not cease

Question 4

oogonia

Answer 4

female germ cells

Question 5

At birth, each ovary contains ~…

Answer 5

500,000 primary oocytes

Question 6

secondary oocytes contain __ chromosomes

Answer 6

46

Question 7

Once sperm gains fertilizing a secondary oocyte, it undergoes meiotic division and..

Answer 7

shedding a polar body containing 23 chromosomes

Question 8

At birth, testes contain only..

Answer 8

immature germ cells and remain quiescent

Question 9

At puberty, male germ cells mitosis resumes producing germ cells knows as…

Answer 9

spermatogonia

Question 10

One primary spermatocyte yields..

Answer 10

4 sperm

Question 11

gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer 11

produced in hypothalamic neurons, controls secretion of two anterior pituitary gonadotrophins from gonadotropes

Question 12

gonadotropes

Answer 12

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 13

low estrogen or androgen effect

Answer 13

absence of negative feedback and gonadotropin increases

Question 14

moderate estrogen or androgen

Answer 14

negative feedback, and gonadotropin decreases

Question 15

high androgen

Answer 15

negative feedback, gonadotropin decreases

Question 16

sustained high estrogen

Answer 16

positive feedback, and gonadotropin increases

Question 17

Constant delivery of GnRH leads to..

Answer 17

down regulation of receptors in the pituitary gonadotropes

Question 18

Why is study of women reproductive cycle easier?

Answer 18

uterine bleeding during menstrual cycle can be monitored (stress, nutrition, etc..)

Question 19

Explain hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

Answer 19

1. GnRH containing neurons cyclically activated to release GnRH
2. GnRH bind to receptors on gonadotropes
3. GnRH receptors activation lead to LH and FSH production by gonadotropes
4. LH and FSH enter bloodstream and travel to gonads