Resp 1

Question 1

4 primary function of the respiratory system

Answer 1

• exchange of gases
• homeostatic regulation of body pH
• protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances
• vocalization

Question 2

principles of bulk flow

Answer 2

• flow occurs from region of high to low pressure
• muscular pump creates pressure gradients
• resistance is primarily influenced by diameter of tubes

Question 3

cellular respiration

Answer 3

aerobic metabolism of glucose

Question 4

external respiration

Answer 4

movement of gases between the environment and cells within the body; requires coordination between respiratory and cardiovascular systems

Question 5

4 steps of external respiration

Answer 5

• atmosphere to lung (ventilation)
• lung to blood
• transport of gases in the blood
• blood to cells

Question 6

structures involved in ventilation and gas exchange

Answer 6

airways, alveoli, bones and muscles of thorax

Question 7

pleural sac

Answer 7

forms a double membrane surrounding each lung to create a moist, slippery surface and hold lung to thoracic wall

Question 8

visceral pleura

Answer 8

connected to outside surface of lungs

Question 9

parietal pleura

Answer 9

connected to inside surface of thoracic cavity

Question 10

branching of airways

Answer 10

nasal cavity/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, smaller bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 11

larynx

Answer 11

vocal cords

Question 12

trachea

Answer 12

wind pipe; held open with 15-20 cartilage rings

Question 13

How do the upper airways and bronchi play an important role in condition air before it reaches the alveoli?

Answer 13

• warm air to body temp.
• adding water vapour
• filter out foreign material

Question 14

where is air filtered?

Answer 14

trachea and bronchi

Question 15

pharynx

Answer 15

mucocilliary escalator

Question 16

cilia

Answer 16

move mucus/saline layer towards the pharynx, removing trapped pathogens and particulate matter

Question 17

Without ______________, cilia would become embedded in ____________.

Answer 17

saline layer, mucus layer.

Question 18

cystic fibrosis

Answer 18

reduced production of saline causing mucus build up and allows bacteria to colonize in airways (infections)

Question 19

site of gas exchange

Answer 19

alveoli