GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT: Aid

Question 1

Humanitarian Aid

Answer 1

Provided for humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crisis

Question 2

Bilateral Aid

Answer 2

Aid given from one government, directly from another

Question 3

Multilateral Aid

Answer 3

INternational organisations providing aid.

Question 4

What do Neoliberals believe about aid ?

Answer 4

Aid creates dependency

Question 5

Dambisa Moyo’s view of aid (Neoliberal)

Answer 5

“Dead Aid’

• Says aid has become an industry
• Made makes good politicians bad and bad politicians worse
• Cannot deliver long term growth
• Wants western countries to ban/end aid

Question 6

Bauer’s view of aid (Neoliberal)

Answer 6

• Aid could not be necessary for development because Northern countries did not receive aid when developing
• Aid implies third world countries are incapable of achieving what the Western World achieved
• Term ‘aid’ is misleading, making governments think they are doing good

Question 7

What do Neo marxists believe about aid?

Answer 7

View aid as imperialism

Question 8

Hayter’s view of aid (Neo-Marxists)

Answer 8

• Aid is continental: nearly always comes with strings attached
• Regards the claim made by the west gov, that aid helps the south as hypocritical: aid’s purpose is to strengthen a system that damages the interests of the poor. Aid does not go to those who need it

Question 9

Samura’s view of aid (Social Demographic)

Answer 9

• Undemocratic/corrupt governments waste aid (Mobutu, Democratic Republic of Congo)
• Aid often used to strengthen armed forces
• Projects are chosen without good research, often damaging the environment

Question 10

Modernisation theory view

Answer 10

• Rich would provide aid in the form of capital expertise and technology as a helping hand to those who were behind on the road to prosperity and consumption
• Jeffrey Sachs: for a big push for large scale, focused and integrated aid is needed to lift developing countries out of poverty

Question 11

Paul Collier’s view of aid

Answer 11

• Aid has added 1 percentage point to the annual growth rate of countries in the bottom billion. Aid has stopped the situation from being worse

Question 12

Irish aid in ethopia case study

Answer 12

• Research technology was able to happen due to aid
• Water pumps given
• Work together with the aid industry
• Programme began in 1944
• Afford to get out of poverty
• Focused aid

Question 13

What is the Debt Crisis?

Answer 13

Rich countries started giving loans to poor countries due to modernisation theory (Marshall Plan). Served capitalism in the short term but this money can often be wasted. Economic crashing the 70s/80s. Poor countries lost income and could not pay debts.

Question 14

What were George’s (1991) Six Debt Boomerangs? (Debt also creating problems for the North)

Answer 14

1. Environment
2. Unemployment
3. Drugs
4. Migration
5. Taxes
6. War

Question 15

Environment Debt Boomerang

Answer 15

People in developing countries are forced by debt, to exploit their natural resources

Question 16

Unemployment Debt Boomerang

Answer 16

Jobs would be lost if developing countries were better off.

Question 17

Drugs Debt Boomerang

Answer 17

Huge demand for drugs

Question 18

Migration Debt Boomerang

Answer 18

Many flee poverty by moving

Question 19

Taxes Debt Boomerang

Answer 19

Pay taxes to give banks concessions so they can pay off debts

Question 20

War Debt Boomerang

Answer 20

Debt creates social unrest, can lead to war