GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT: Industrialization

Question 1

What is Western Industrialization?

Answer 1

• Western world industrialisation started around the 19th century
• Many, non western countries, started around the mid 20th century, some have not industrialised comprehensively

Question 2

What is Import Substitution Industrialisation?

Answer 2

• Common in the developing world in the 50s/60s
• Based on the production of domestic consumer good to replace imported ones
• Domestic production for domestic consumption
• Led to tariffs, importing raw materials and inflation

Question 3

What is Export-Oriented Industrialisation?

Answer 3

• A shift towards this in 70s/80s
• AN industrialisation strategy based on production to export
• Can be seen to be foreshadowing/ part of neoliberal policies
• Asian Tigers arguably adopted these policies in the 50s/60s and they proved successful

Question 4

Agriculture as an industry

Answer 4

• The strength of most developing countries is in agriculture, not industry - increased by ‘green rev’ in the 60s
• Supply chains can still be controlled by TNCs (Del Monte)
• Demand for fair trade and the turn towards certain superfoods and clearly globalisation means there are new opportunities for agriculture in developing countries