GLOBAL SHIFT

Question 1

what is the global shift?

Answer 1

the movement of economic and political power away from Western [USA] developed countries towards emerging and devleoping countries particularly in Asia

Question 2

what does the global shift create?

Answer 2

new global regions/players e.g BRICS & MINTS

Question 3

how are these new global regions created = what stragies?

Answer 3

• REDUCING PROTECTINIST MEASURES
• LIBERALISM of trade
• incentivisation
• SEZs
  = all to attract TNCs and FDI = these stragies give them a competive advantage

Question 4

4 benefits of the global shift:

Answer 4

• poverty reduction
• improvements in education and training
• inc investment in infastructure
• inc global ops

Question 5

explain the global shift benefit of investment in infastructure?

Answer 5

• TNCS bring FDI =
• creation of deep ports for docking containor shipping
• developement of intergrated transport sysyems inc global flows
• new tech making processes more effeiciant
• technology inc = urban areas inc interconnectedness and rural areas less isolated 2020 83% of population had acsess to the internet

Question 6

explain the global shift benefit of education and training? give and e.g

Answer 6

• huge improvments in primary and secondary education
• inc number of higly qualified uni graduates = inc quaternary sector
• access to education avuiable for inceasing numbers of people boys and girls equally
• china in 2014 7.2 MILLION graduates = 15 x more than in 2000

Question 7

explain the global shift benefit of poverty reduction and waged work?

Answer 7

• 1billion people have escaped absolutely
• Nigeria 65, 000 direct and 250,000 indirect josb through TNC SHELL = MORE GOVERNMENT TAX ECT
• ## emerging GLOBAL MIDDLE CLASS = workers migreated from rural to urban urban areads to be employed in secot=ndary/tertiarry jobs

Question 8

explain the global shift benefit of global oppurtunitys? GIVE A COUNTER FOR THIS

Answer 8

• previoulsy switched off countrys such as CHINA begin to open up
• interconnectivity increases internation migration/oppurtunity/agreements = preace
• modernisation of Western society allows individals to express freely and suppression is reduced
  COUNTER
• [depending on leader] e.g TRUMP USA wants to build a wall to stop migration occuring there

Question 9

what are the costs of the global shift?

Answer 9

• rapid urbanisaiton and unplanned settlements
• loss of productive agriculture
• loss of biodiversity and land degration
• over exploitation of resources/pollution e.g aral sea

Question 10

explain the global shift cost of loss of productive farmland?

Answer 10

• agricutler rapidly lost due to urban/industrial development
• land over farmed = need artfical fertilizer
  = EUTROPHICATION = POLLUTION, killing crops ect narural processes distrupted through intensive farming
• SHELL NIGERIA 2008/2009 OIL SPLS DESTREOYED THOUSANDS OF CROPS

Question 11

explain the global shift cost of loss for the loss of biodiveristy and land degradation?

Answer 11

• soil erosion/desertification
• ecosystems lost due to urbanisation
• water sytenms being polluted = EUTROPHICATION e.g 2 metric tonnes of waste dumped into Mithi river a DAY
• around 46,000 species endangered due to habitat loss due to econ developmetnt [globally]

Question 12

explain the global shift cost of loss of rapid urbanisation and unplanned sttlements?

Answer 12

• huge amounts of rural to urban migration = MASSIVE DEMAND FOR HOUSING IN URBAN AREAS
• housing built quickly comprimisting safety and natural EN
• slum dweelings e.g DHARAVI MUMBAI = social , economic and EN issues [1.2 million living in 1 square mile ect] = poor QOL

QO

Question 12

explain the global shift cost of loss for over-exploitaiton of resources and pollution?

Answer 12

• fossil fuel extraction is signifciant in new global areas = inc carbon emissions
• emeerign countires cant afford green-tech
• E.G the aral sea
• mining = deforesation =habitat loss
• inc in industrilation and urbanisations = inc demand for water supply, energy and inc green house gas emissions

Question 13

explain breifly the global shift in China ?

Answer 13

• focussed on manufacturing
• since 2000 china has been the worlds largerst reciever of FDI

Question 14

give 2 benenftis and costs of the global shift in China?

Answer 14

costs :
- many workers were exploited in sweatshops e.g on average 2500 ppl would lose a limb/finger due to dangerous conditions
- huge pollution to EN even the WHO were concerned due to high levels of particular matter
benefits
- higher incomes and huge job employs all the bengits that comes with this
- improved technology = inc effieciany and facilates China making own products and now distrubting FDI

Question 15

whats is the open door policy in china? 1978

Answer 15

• created 4 SEZs to give themself a competive advanatage and attratc FDI in the form of TNCs
• rural to urabna shift occured 300 million
• all beniefits of TNCs
• successfull as in 1990 50% of chinas total GDP came from these 4 zones
• negaitve = unequal

Question 16

breifly explain the global shift/creation of new global area in India?
- consider some negatives

Answer 16

• wanted to globalise on own terms due to previous colonisation = only recently become switched on
• due to improved technology accelerated service/tertiarry sector using advantage of english speaking
• triggers a positve mutiplier effect
• negatives - workers may be exploted = long hour & sa masisve inequality still 86.8million living in extreme poverty in 2018
• e.f TATA

Question 17

whats th expample case study of Nike

Answer 17

TNC, GLOBAL SHIFT, INDONESIA

Question 18

give a few nergaitve examples from the Nike case study and a comparison to show povery gap?

Answer 18

• workers expoloited = long 15hour days 6/7 days a week for only $1.25/day
• poor liviing conidtions and burn rubber on streets relesing toxic gases and eutrophicaiton

poverty gap excelmpified through £100 million endorsement by Nike to wear their brand

Question 19

summarise the effect of the global shift in Lecister?

Answer 19

• major textile centres in the 20th century with over 30,000 workers in textile mills in the 1920s
• still emplooyed thousands of workers until 1970
• where the overseas competion froM Asia and the cheap production costs lead to deindustrlaisaion and offshoring
• overall UK clothing/textile manuafcureing mainly abroad = HUGE UNEMPLOYMENT
• [lecister only has a small textile industry focuses on specialist, niche of fast fashion

Question 20

what are the vulberibilty in relation to FDI?

Answer 20

• overreliance on FDI = inversotrs are able to pull out of causeing econmy to collapse & sudden job losses
• FDI flow often unrelaible and unpredictable
• uneqyaul power relations = TNCs have more power over governments