VARIATION IN DEVELOPMENT

Question 1

whats abolsulte poverty?

Answer 1

[inequality within a country]
- living on less than $2.15/day
- based on a set value

Question 2

whats relative poverty?

Answer 2

• dont have enough to mee the needs in relation to others

Question 3

explain the positives of globalisation and the devlelopment gap?

Answer 3

• increased global flows of commoditys and capital has created greater opps for the wordls poorest = SPREADING THE WEALTH e.g through offshorijng
• creates new global regions
• converging/closing the gap

Question 4

how may globalisaition negatively effect the development gap?

Answer 4

• capitlism and western habits of consumerism has led to the developeent gap widening
• HICs gain power and money have headquarters here and exploit LIC

Question 5

what do antiglobalist say that globalisation has cuased?
whats 2 however points for this arguement?

Answer 5

the rich to get richer and the porr to get poorer
- increased global capital at a rate greater than population growth
- wealth is disproportionate [rich = richer poor stay same] = poorest havent been exposed to it yet

Question 6

whats GNI?
limitation for this?

Answer 6

• GROSS NATIONAL INCOME
• value of goods and sercies earned by a country = good indicator of wealth
• only an average doesnt refelct inequality

Question 7

whats purchasing power parity?

Answer 7

• relates average earnings to local prices and what they will buy = spending power within a country reflect the local cost of living

Question 8

whats does HDI do and what are the limitations and 3 factors it considers?

Answer 8

• life expectnacyt
• education
• GDP
• look as social and economic facctors 0=lowest and 1highest
• limitation = avergae, inequlaity

Question 9

what is the grapth which descibes the winners and loosers of globalisation?

Answer 9

The elephant graph of impacts of globalisation

Question 10

expplain the 2 losers on the graph

Answer 10

• the poorest incomes remain almost unchanged, LIC = not yet been exposed to globalisation these are switched of regions = china has heavinly invested into africa = new potentnila global region
• citzens of rich countries who may have lost their jobs to the global shift = biggest looser those in the secondary/manufacturing sector lose their jobs due to offshoring create antit-globalisation/migratiob rhetoric

Question 11

whats the third loser of globalisation?

Answer 11

THE ENVIROMENT - being hevaily damaged e.g the aral sea
although increased green energy

Question 12

explain the 2 winners on the elephant curve?

Answer 12

• middle class winners benefit form the global shift due to the competive advangtage
• very rich inclues top 3-6% in UK & JAPAN have acess to global markets, most efficnant tech ect [CEOS]

Question 13

whats the GDP in 1990 and 2020 in Malawi anf EU

Answer 13

1990 - 1000, 30 000
2020 - 1000, 40 000

Question 14

what does the gini index measure
- what IGO uses this

Answer 14

-inequality of wealth ditrubution
- value between 0-100
- world bank uses this method to show global inequalities
- 0 = perfect euqlity
- 100 = perfect inequality

Question 15

whats the GINI coeffiecant in the UK in 2025

Answer 15

33%

Question 16

what does the lorenz curve compare?

Answer 16

• compares income inequlaity within countries = usefull to hsow differneces

Question 17

give exmaple of kenyas inequality from a Lorenz curve?

Answer 17

• on the lorenz curve 85% of pop use less than 5% of elec
• = other 15% use the other 95% of elec = EXTREME INEQULITY

Question 18

how does globalisation affect the enviroment?
give an e.g

Answer 18

• climate chnage, resource exhausation and biodiversity depletion are well known side effects of econmic development processes = inc global flows accelerates this
• estimated that 40% of the lands surface has been turned over to agricultural production = facilitaing global flows so consumers can ahve a variety of products all year

Question 19

how has agribuisness and farming/aquacultre affected the enviroment?

Answer 19

• led to large scale enviromental damage
• distruption to water and carbon cycles w both local and global consequnces
• creates inequality in envirometnal purity and sustainbality which disproportionatley affects poorer nations
• deforaestaoiitn - 40% lands surface converted for agribuisness

Question 20

how do poorer countries attarct FDI?

Answer 20

• SEZs
• ## involved in a comparise to envirometnal staderds and relaxation in enviromental legislations

Question 21

comment on the power of poor countries in the say if envirometnal issues with TNCs?

Answer 21

• have very little say in the EN impacts from the TNCs cuz they may be powerless, of fearfull of losing the investment from the TNCs which is crucial for their stabilty/survival

Question 22

summary of the inquality between mens and womens opps to develop?
so what did the UN create

Answer 22

• in many LICs farthers may prevent there daughter from receiving education beyond puberty = school expecnsive and jsut marry them off
• even in HICs women often earn less then men/ less likely to be promoted** In the UK in 2025, women’s median hourly earnings were around 7% lower than men’s**
• GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX

Question 23

what was the gender inquality index value in KENYA in 2014

Answer 23

0.55

Question 24

which areas a concentrated by wealth

Answer 24

- western areas - SE e.g CHINA - future global player